Interleukins 6 and 8 and abdominal fat depots are distinct correlates of lipid moieties in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women

Abstract

Purpose Available data associate lipids concentrations in men with body mass index (BMI), anabolic steroids, age, and certain cytokines. Data are less clear in women, especially across the full adult lifespan, and when segmented by pre- and postmenopausal status. Methods Subjects: 120 healthy women (60 pre- and 60 postmenopausal) in Olmsted County, MN, USA, a stable well studied clinical population. Dependent variables: measurements of 10-hr fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Independent variables: testosterone, estrone, estradiol, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG, by mass spectrometry); insulin, glucose, and albumin; abdominal visceral, subcutaneous and total abdominal fat [AVF, SCF, TAF by computerized tomography (CT) scan]; and a panel of cytokines [by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Multivariate forward-selection linear-regression analysis was applied constrained to P<0.01. Results Lifetime data: HDL-C was correlated jointly with age (P<0.0001, positively), AVF (P<0.0001, negatively), and IL-6 (0.0063, negatively), together explaining 28.1% of its variance (P=2.3 × 10−8). TC was associated positively with multivariate age only (P=6.9 × 10−4, 9.3% of variance). TG’s correlated weakly with SHBG (P=0.0115), and strongly with AVF (P<0.0001), and IL-6 (P=0.0016) all positively (P=1.6 × 10−12, 38.9% of variance). NonHDL-C and LDL-C correlated positively with both TAF and IL-8 (P=2.0 × 10−5, 16.9% of variance; and P=0.0031, 9.4% of variance, respectively). Pre- vs postmenopausal comparisons identified specific relationships that were stronger in pre-than postmenopausal individuals, and vice versa. Age was a stronger correlate of LDL-C; IL-6 of TG and HDL; and both SHBG and TAF of nonHDL-C in pre- than postmenopausal women. Conversely, SHBG, AVF, IL-8, adiponectin were stronger correlates of TG; AVF and testosterone of HDL-C; and age of both nonHDL and LDL in post- than premenopausal women. Conclusion Our data delineate correlations of TAF and IL-8 (both positively) with nonHDL-C and LDL-C in healthy women across the full age range of 21–79 yr along with even more specific associations in pre- and postmenopausal individuals. Whether some of these outcomes reflect causal relationships would require longitudinal and interventional or genetic studies.

Hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory circulating biomarker profiles in obese and non-obese Brazilian middle-aged women

“…IL-6 levels correlated to BMI only in postmenopausal women, but both IL-6 and hs-CRP showed no marked interaction in the majority of analyzes. A previous study found a correlation between lipid markers and IL-6 [29], and this might explain the positive correlation observed here. Notably, a high-intensity training intervention was shown to increase IL-6 while reducing visceral adiposity tissue in postmenopausal women [30].…”

Resistance Band Exercise Training Prevents the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Postmenopausal Women

“…In addition to a significant increase in LBM, a significant decrease in BF% and central adiposity was noted following the exercise program. Interestingly, the decrease in overall body fat and waist circumference may be considered a primary mechanism for improvement in the metabolic and blood lipid profile, and BP in the present study (Arnarson et al, 2014;Coelho et al, 2013;Colman et al, 1995;Fenicchia et al, 2004;Mandrup et al, 2018;Philipsen et al, 2015;Veldhuis et al, 2016;Zhou and Qin, 2012), thereby contributing to the reduction of risk of MetS in this population.…”

“…The mechanisms by which blood lipid levels improved in the present study remains unclear, however, several relationships may be partially responsible for these improvements. Abdominal fat mass accumulation has been positively correlated with LDL and TC levels (Veldhuis et al, 2016). Changes in body composition following resistance training, such as reduced BF% and increased LBM, have been reported to play a role in improving blood lipid profiles in older adults (Arnarson et al, 2014).…”

Correlação entre a concentração sérica de interleucina-6 (IL-6) e biomarcadores de resistência insulínica em adultos jovens obesos

“…A IL-6 tem efeito direto na sinalização da insulina em adipócitos e hepatócitos, o que atrapalha a sua ligação aos receptores específicos, além de estimular a lipólise e a liberação de graxos livres na circulação 26 . Destaca-se também que a IL-6 pode induzir a RI por diminuição da secreção de adiponectina, uma importante citocina que atua beneficamente na ação da insulina 27 . Dados sugerem que, enquanto o TNF-alfa age de forma parácrina no adipócito, a IL-6 circula no plasma em concentrações relativamente altas, sendo, portanto, muito mais importante sistemicamente, podendo ser chamada de citocina endócrina.…”