Celiac disease among at-risk individuals in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Objectives: To perform a meta-analysis for celiac diseases (CD) among at-risk populations in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), as well as a comparison with our previously reported meta-analysis in the normal population. Methods: In March 2018, at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA we commenced a retrospective comprehensive database and journal search for CD among at-risk populations in SA. Data from each of the relevant articles were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 20 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). and the comprehensive meta-analysis program (CMA). The collected data were part of a retrospective literature review and analysis. Thus, a written ethical approval was not obtained before commencing the study. Results: Sixteen articles were found covering type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM), short stature (SS), and down syndrome (DS). Ages 1-50 years. The prevalence of seropositive-CD was 15.6% with high heterogeneity (I 2 =80.353), while prevalence of biopsy-proven CD was 10.6% with high heterogeneity (I 2 =73.359). Another article reported the CD prevalence in the at-risk population as 18.4% for the seroprevalence and 6.9% for the biopsy-proven CD. Anti-transglutaminase (anti-tTG) was used in 12 studies; in the remaining 4 studies (EMA in 2, ARA with AGA in one and no details given in one study). Conclusion: Both the prevalence of biopsy-proven CD (10.6%) and seroprevalence (15.6%) were higher than those we previously reported in the normal population (1.4% and 2.7%). The female-to-male ratio (1.9/1) of CD patients was the same in normal and at-risk populations in SA. Meta-analysis for prevalence of CD in DM, SS, and DS separately in SA is recommended.

Prevalence of celiac disease in patients with short stature: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…17 A recent systematic review evaluated the prevalence of CeD in patients with short stature in Saudi Arabia. 52 They found an overall pooled seroprevalence of 16.1% and biopsy-proven prevalence of 6.75% in their studies. Of the five included studies in the above review, only one study was included in our review.…”

“…were conducted before the standard definition of CeD was available 17 . A recent systematic review evaluated the prevalence of CeD in patients with short stature in Saudi Arabia 52 . They found an overall pooled seroprevalence of 16.1% and biopsy‐proven prevalence of 6.75% in their studies.…”

Celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

“…‡ F/M =60/29=2/1. § Two studies [8,10] in Riyadh region, four studies [9,11,12,13] in the western region and two studies [8,10] 12.0 *Meta analysis is in Table 5 and Table 7. studies).…”

“…3,12 So far in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, only 8 studies concerning CD among T1DM were retrieved via a recent systematic review. 8,9 When Al-Ashwal et al 10 reported (in 2003) a prevalence of 4.9% for the biopsy-proven CD in T1DM in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, at that time the worldwide prevalence (of CD in T1DM) was 1.2-11.1%, with the exceptions of Argentina (13.9%) and Algeria (16.4%). 20,21,[23][24][25]27,[34][35][36][37][38] In the current meta-analysis, 12.0% of T1DM individuals had biopsy-verified CD (95% CI: 10.2-14.0) with high heterogeneity (I 2 =82.7), which was double the global prevalence (6.0%); according to the systematic review (between 2000 and May 2014) of Elfstrom et al, 5 only one study reported a similarly high prevalence (12.3% in 2006) among Danish children; 39 in addition to Argentina (13.9%) and Algeria (16.4%), both in 1996.…”

“…6 Additionally, some studies concerned with T1DM in CD patients showed that the risk of T1DM in CD was doubled before the age of 20 years. 7 In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 8,9 the first study 10 concerning the CD in T1DM appeared in 2003, followed by another 7 studies, the last of which was published in 2018. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The current study represents characterization and meta-analysis for these studies concerned with CD among patients with T1DM in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.…”