Recently, 2D nanomaterials have received considerable attention in nanomedi cine due to their intrinsic optical properties, biocompatibility, and therapeutic effect. Here, 2D germanium telluride (GeTe) nanosheets coated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (GeTePVP NSs) developed as theranostic agents are reported that can be used for multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and fluorescence imaging and therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GeTePVP NSs, fabricated by simple sonication in ethanol and PVP, show broad optical absorption in visible and nearinfrared (NIR) ranges (400-1200 nm) and have intrinsic fluorescence properties. Thus, they provide deeper ex vivo and in vivo MSOT tissue images than gold nanorods or indocyanine green with strong optical absorption in the first NIR window (700-900 nm). In addition, when orally administered to IBD mice, GeTePVP NSs exhibit therapeutic efficacy similar to or higher than sulfasalazine, with strong accumulation at inflamma tory colon sites. This demonstrates that oral administration of GeTePVP NSs may be used to treat inflammatory diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.