Cellular and humoral defence mechanisms in mares susceptible and resistant to persistent endometritis

Watson, E.D.; Stokes, C.R.; Bourne, F.J.

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(87)90178-4

Cited by 59 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Later studies did not support the early hypothesis that susceptible mares are not effective in opsonisation (Brown et al 1985). In fact, haemolytic complement activity was significantly greater in uterine washings from susceptible than resistant mares (Watson et al 1987b). This is understandable because of the persistent nature of inflammation in these mares.…”

Section: Humoral and Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 80%

What do we know about susceptibility of mares to endometritis?

Katila¹

2008

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SummaryBreeding of mares is followed by uterine contamination of bacteria and inflammation. The inflammation is due to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) which are induced by spermatozoa. Normal mares eliminate bacteria, sperm and inflammatory by-products rapidly, in 24-48 hours, but some mares are not capable of doing this. These mares are called susceptible to uterine infections, because the normally transient inflammation becomes persistent endometritis. This review focuses on uterine defence mechanisms on post-breeding endometritis particularly and on the predisposing factors that lead to persistent uterine infection. The defence mechanisms of the uterus against foreign invaders comprise complex interactions between different elements. The defence is largely modified by steroid hormones. The uterus is part of the mucosal immune system which consists of humoral and cellular defence. All aspects of PMN function are vital in the defence against bacterial invaders: migration in sufficient numbers into the desired site in response to chemotaxis, coating of bacteria by opsonins, phagocytosis and intracellular killing. There is no conclusive evidence, however, that any of these are deficient in mares susceptible to endometritis. Instead, increasing evidence shows that differences in the mechanical drainage of the uterus provide the best explanation for susceptibility to uterine infections. Adequate cervical dilation, effective myometrial contractions and lymphatic drainage are required for the maintenance of uterine health. Delayed uterine clearance results in intrauterine fluid accumulation and in subsequent endometritis. The anatomical barriers of the mare have to be intact: their disruption severely predisposes the mare to endometritis.Keywords: mare, endometritis, uterine inflammation, uterine drainage, uterine defence, reproduction

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Section: Humoral and Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 80%

What do we know about susceptibility of mares to endometritis?

Katila¹

2008

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“…The uterus is capable of responding to an antigen with the release of chemotactic factors, which leads to a rapid migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into the uterine lumen [1][2][3]. This process is characterized by the presence of cellular response and is mediated by activation of the complement cascade [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Viability and Fertility of Equine Semen

Fioratti¹,

Villaverde²,

Melo³

et al. 2012

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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a b s t r a c tConsidering the efficiency of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) in the immunomodulation of breeding-induced endometritis and the possibility of using these drugs by intrauterine route instead of the parenteral application, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of SAIDs added to the semen extender on equine sperm viability and fertility. In experiment 1, 15 SAIDs were individually added to a skim milk-based extender and, based on the results of sperm motility, dexamethasone was the drug of choice for the subsequent trials. The effect of dexamethasone on the viability of fresh and 24-hour cooled semen was investigated in experiment 2. In experiment 3, fertility rate was measured in both post-breeding endometritis-resistant and susceptible mares. Although dexamethasone supplementation caused a premature decrease in sperm total and progressive motility and in sperm velocities (P < .05), no difference was observed for sperm membrane integrities and fertility (P > .05). Based on these results, we can conclude that dexamethasone can be added to equine semen at the time of insemination or before cooling, although its use was not able to increase fertility.

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“…In vitro studies suggest that spermatozoa induce PMN-chemotaxis via complement activation (Figure 3; Troedsson et al 1995a, Rozeboom et al 2001). Complement activity as well as isolation of complement cleavage products has been demonstrated in the equine reproductive tract (Asbury et al 1982, Watson et al 1987, Troedsson et al 1993, and this is likely involved in the mechanism by which breeding-induced endometritis is induced. Activated PMNs bind to spermatozoa and although the mechanism of this binding is not yet fully understood, recent data suggest that it is mediated by extracellular neutrophil traps (NET), but also involves more traditional ligand receptor binding Foster 2005, Brinkman et al 2004).…”

Section: Breeding-induced Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between spermatozoa and the mare’s reproductive is mediated by biochemical, physical, and inflammatory mechanisms

Troedsson¹

2006

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SummarySperm transport and elimination from the mare's reproductive tract are important components of the events that lead to fertilization and successful development of an embryo. Following deposition of semen into the uterine body, viable spermatozoa are transported to the oviduct by a combination of sperm motility, uterine contractility, and epithelial cilia activity. This process is facilitated by the release of oxytocin from the pituitary, as well as prostaglandins and estrogen in seminal plasma. The myoelectrical activity in the uterus shows a two-wave pattern following AI. The first immediate phase of contractions is believed to be involved in both sperm transport to the oviduct, and elimination of excess spermatozoa through the cervix. The second phase of contractions coincides with an inflammatory response to spermatozoa. The inflammation is an important physiological component of sperm elimination from the mare's reproductive tract. It is regulated by seminal components. Spermatozoa activate complement in uterine secretion, resulting in chemotaxis of PMNs into the uterine lumen. The PMNs bind to spermatozoa that consequently are removed from the uterus by phagocytosis. Inflammatory mediators, such as PGF2α, cause contraction of the myometrium, and residual spermatozoa, accumulated fluid, and harmful inflammatory products are removed by this second wave of uterine contractions. Once these products are removed from the uterine lumen, the inflammation subsides and the uterine environment returns to its normal state. Specific seminal plasma proteins modulate breeding-induced endometritis, and appear to selectively protect viable spermatozoa from binding to PMNs.Keywords: mare, post-breeding-endometritis, uterine clearance, spermatozoa, inseminate components Der Einfluss von biochemischen, physikalischen und entzündlichen Mechanismen bei den Interaktionen zwischen Spermatozoen und dem Genitaltrakt der Stute Der Transport der Spermien und ihre Elimination aus dem Stutengenitale stellen wichtige Komponenten innerhalb der Vorgänge dar, die zur Konzeption und zur erfolgreichen Entwicklung des Embryos führen. Nach dem Verbringen des Samens in die Gebärmutter werden lebensfähige Spermatozoen in die Eileiter transportiert. Dies geschieht durch eine Kombination von Spermienmotilität, uterinen Kontraktionen und epithelialer Zilienaktivität. Dieser Prozess wird unterstützt durch die Oxytocinfreisetzung aus der Hypophyse sowie durch Prostaglandine und Östrogen im Seminalplasma. Die myoelektrische Aktivität des Uterus weist nach der instrumentellen Samenübertragung eine zweifache Wellenbewegung auf. Die erste, sofort einsetzende Kontraktionsphase ist vermutlich sowohl beim Spermientransport in den Eileiter als auch bei der Elimination überschüssiger Spermatozoen durch die Zervix involviert. Die zweite Phase der Kontraktionen trifft mit der Entzündungsreaktion auf die Spermatozoen zusammen. Die Entzündung ist ein wichtiger physiologischer Bestandteil bei der Spermienelimination aus dem Stutengeniale. Sie wird durch die ...

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Cellular and humoral defence mechanisms in mares susceptible and resistant to persistent endometritis

Cited by 59 publications

References 11 publications

What do we know about susceptibility of mares to endometritis?

What do we know about susceptibility of mares to endometritis?

Influence of Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Viability and Fertility of Equine Semen

Interaction between spermatozoa and the mare’s reproductive is mediated by biochemical, physical, and inflammatory mechanisms

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