Cellular based immunotherapy for primary liver cancer

Abstract

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Poor prognosis and easy recurrence on PLC patients calls for optimizations of the current conventional treatments and the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. For most malignancies, including PLC, immune cells play crucial roles in regulating tumor microenvironments and specifically recognizing tumor cells. Therefore, cellular based immunotherapy has its instinctive advantages in PLC therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy. From the active and passive immune perspectives, we introduced the cellular based immunotherapies for PLC in this review, covering both the lymphoid and myeloid cells. Then we briefly review the combined cellular immunotherapeutic approaches and the existing obstacles for PLC treatment.

The Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Untying an Intricate Immunological Network

“…Indeed, the biggest challenge in the immunotherapy of HCC is the design of new treatments that are simultaneously more effective and less toxic. Emerging innovative approaches include adoptive cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, new-generation vaccines, and oncolytic viruses [ 238 , 239 ]. Moreover, combination therapies of ICB with drugs targeting the inflammatory TME on both the cellular and molecular level might dramatically improve patient outcomes [ 239 ].…”

Comprehensive profiling of the TRIpartite motif family to identify pivot genes in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Although immunotherapy has been a breakthrough in HCC treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors benefit only a small percentage of patients. 46 The role of the immune system in cancer growth must be clarified and reliable clinical markers for predicting immunotherapy responses explored. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play key roles in tumorigenesis and neoplasm.…”

The Complement System: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Liver Cancer

“…Cellular-based immunotherapy has also shown great advantages in primary liver cancer. Vaccine treatments, active and passive cellular immunotherapy, and myeloid cell-based immunotherapy are the positive areas of investigation [ 25 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”