Cellular Localization of Monoamines in the Spinal Cord

Carlsson, Arvid; Falck, B.; Fuxé, Kjell; Hillarp, Nils‐Åke

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02874.x

Cited by 574 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

158

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…14,15 The ®rst evidence for the presence of noradrenergic ®bers in the spinal cord has been provided using the Falck-Hillarp¯uorescence histochemistry. 19,20 Origin and distribution of spinal noradrenergic ®bers have been further evidenced by using either dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunohistochemistry or retrograde transport of DBH antibody, the latter being selectively taken up by adrenergic and noradrenergic systems. DBH is the key enzyme of noradrenaline and adrenaline synthesis.…”

Section: Central Noradrenergic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central noradrenergic control of penile erection

Giuliano

Rampin

2000

Int J Impot Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Penile erection is completely dependent on commands from the central nervous system. Spinal centers controlling penile erection are located in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord. These centers are activated by information from the periphery and supraspinal nuclei so as to elicit penile erection in a variety of physiological contexts. A small number of nuclei including the locus coeruleus located in the pons sends noradrenergic ®bers to the forebrain and spinal cord, including those areas controlling penile erection. Recent morphological techniques such as in situ hybridization and autoradiography using radioligand binding permit investigation of the brain and spinal pathways utilizing alpha adrenoceptor subtypes. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments suggest a modulatory role for noradrenaline in the control of penile erection either in the brain or in the spinal cord. The most robust evidence is that central inhibition of alpha-2 adrenoceptors facilitates sexual function. Taken together, the data propose new directions in the physiological exploration of penile erection and the therapeutic approach of erectile dysfunction.

show abstract

Section: Central Noradrenergic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central noradrenergic control of penile erection

Giuliano

Rampin

2000

Int J Impot Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Descending pathways utilizing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are prime candidates for involvement in the control of reflexes. A substantial quantity of 5-HT is present in the spinal cord of rabbits and other mammals (Carlsson et al, 1964;Fone et al, 1987), most and around the midline raphe nuclei and the immediately adjacent reticular formation of the brain stem (Dahlstrom & Fuxe, 1964;Bowker et al, 1982;Skagerberg & Bjorklund, 1985). Further, 5-HT has profound effects on reflex function (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal 5‐HT‐receptors and tonic modulation of transmission through a withdrawal reflex pathway in the decerebrated rabbit

Clarke

Harris

Houghton

1996

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 In decerebrated, non-spinalized rabbits, intrathecal administration of either of the selective 5-HTlAreceptor antagonists (S)WAY-100135 or WAY-100635 resulted in dose-dependent enhancement of the reflex responses of gastrocnemius motoneurones evoked by electrical stimulation of all myelinated afferents of the sural nerve. The approximate ED50 for WAY-100635 was 0.9 nmol and that for (S)WAY-100135 13 nmol. Intrathecal doses of the antagonists which caused maximal facilitation of reflexes in non-spinalized rabbits had no effect in spinalized preparations. 2 In non-spinalized animals, intravenous administration of (S)WAY-100135 was significantly less effective in enhancing reflexes than when it was given by the intrathecal route.3 When given intrathecally, the selective 5-HT2A/2c-receptor antagonist, ICI 170,809, produced a bellshaped dose-effect curve, augmenting reflexes at low doses (,<44 nmol), but reducing them at higher doses (982 nmol). Idazoxan, the selective 22-adrenoceptor antagonist, was less effective in enhancing reflex responses when given intrathecally after ICI 170,809 compared to when it was given alone. Intravenous ICI 170,809 resulted only in enhancement of reflexes and the facilitatory effects of subsequent intrathecal administration of idazoxan were not compromised. 4 The selective 5-HT3-receptor blocker ondansetron faciliated gastrocnemius medialis reflex responses in a dose-related manner when given by either intrathecal or intravenous routes. This drug was slightly more potent when given i.v. and it did not alter the efficacy of subsequent intrathecal administration of idazoxan. 5 None of the antagonists had any consistent effects on arterial blood pressure or heart rate. 6 These data are consistent with the idea that, in the decerebrated rabbit, 5-HT released from descending axons has multiple roles in controlling transmission through the sural-gastrocnemius medialis reflex pathway. Thus, it appears 5-HT tonically inhibits transmission between sural nerve afferents and gastrocnemius motoneurones by an action at spinal 5-HTlA-receptors. Spinal 5-HT2A/2C-receptors may mediate a weak inhibition of transmission in the spinal cord, but more convincing evidence was obtained for their involvement in descending facilitatory tone. Further, some of the facilitatory consequences of spinal a2-adrenoceptor blockade may be mediated through 5-HT2 type receptors. Spinal 5-HT3 receptors do not appear to have a major role in tonic modulation of the sural-gastrocnemius medialis reflex.

show abstract

“…In contrast to the gray matter, the white matter of the spinal cord contained no fluorescent terminals. It must be pointed out that the CA terminals in the chicken spinal cord are less in number and finer in size as compared with those in the rat spinal cord (3,4).…”

Section: Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%