Cellulosic nanocomposites. A review

Abstract

Because of their wide abundance, their renewable and environmentally benign nature, and their outstanding mechanical properties, a great deal of attention has been paid recently to cellulosic nanofibrillar structures as components in nanocomposites. A first major challenge has been to find efficient ways to liberate cellulosic fibrils from different source materials, including wood, agricultural residues, or bacterial cellulose. A second major challenge has involved the lack of compatibility of cellulosic surfaces with a variety of plastic materials. The water-swellable nature of cellulose, especially in its non-crystalline regions, also can be a concern in various composite materials. This review of recent work shows that considerable progress has been achieved in addressing these issues and that there is potential to use cellulosic nano-components in a wide range of high-tech applications.

The effect of residual lignin on the rheological properties of cellulose nanofibril suspensions

“…[24] Orientation of the nanoparticles during flow of the suspension is an important consideration since they can agglomerate, align or even form networks that will have a direct impact on their viscosity. [25] The most common physical aspects affecting the rheological properties of CNF are solid content, temperature, pH, morphology, and surface charge. [17,26,27] The effect of the solid content on the viscosity can be explained by analyzing the entanglements of the fibers.…”

Comparison of Effects of Sodium Chloride and Potassium Chloride on Spray Drying and Redispersion of Cellulose Nanofibrils Suspension

“…The applications of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as reinforcing components in polymer composites have received widespread attention [1][2][3][4]. Deconstruction of pulp fibers in nanoscale gives CNFs having remarkable mechanical properties with a modulus of elasticity from approximately 10 to 70 GPa or higher (145 GPa) [5].…”

Lignin-containing adhesion enhancer for wood-plastic composites

“…Due to the manifested adhesive and sorption properties, PECs have great potential and multiple practical applications in various practical fields, namely, in medicine as drug deliverers (Lankalapalli and Kolapali 2009;Verma and Verma 2013), for obtaining binders (Yuan et al 2014), soil improving agents (Shulga et al 2001(Shulga et al , 2007, macrosurfactants (Shulga et al 2009), etc. One of the prominent applications of PECs is the improvement properties of cellulose fibers and inter-fiber bonding (Gärdlund et al 2003;Maximova et al 2005;Hubbe 2006;Gärdlund et al 2007;Hubbe et al 2008;Ankerfors et al 2009) in the papermaking process.…”