Cement and concrete as an engineering material: An historic appraisal and case study analysis

Gagg, Colin

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.004

Cited by 510 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In case of reinforced concrete, reduction in the pH value leads to the destruction of protective passive surface layer around steel reinforcement resulting in rebar corrosion [36]. In areas with high concentration of dissolved CO 2 for example in estuaries, the effects of carbonation are more deleterious since carbonic water is more acidic in seawater than fresh water [37]. This can be worsened by the decaying organic matter releasing CO 2 .…”

Section: Carbonation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Carbonation Resistance in Hydrated Cement Based Materials

Marangu

Thiong’o

Wachira

2019

Journal of Chemistry

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Blended cements are preferred to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in construction industry due to costs and technological and environmental benefits associated with them. Prevalence of significant quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere due to increased industrial emission is deleterious to hydrated cement materials due to carbonation. Recent research has shown that blended cements are more susceptible to degradation due to carbonation than OPC. The ingress of CO2 within the porous mortar matrix is a diffusion controlled process. Subsequent chemical reaction between CO2 and cement hydration products (mostly calcium hydroxide [CH] and calcium silicate hydrate [CSH]) results in degradation of cement based materials. CH offers the buffering capacity against carbonation in hydrated cements. Partial substitution of OPC with pozzolanic materials however decreases the amount of CH in hydrated blended cements. Therefore, low amounts of CH in hydrated blended cements make them more susceptible to degradation as a result of carbonation compared to OPC. The magnitude of carbonation affects the service life of cement based structures significantly. It is therefore apparent that sufficient attention is given to carbonation process in order to ensure resilient cementitious structures. In this paper, an indepth review of the recent advances on carbonation process, factors affecting carbonation resistance, and the effects of carbonation on hardened cement materials have been discussed. In conclusion, carbonation process is influenced by internal and external factors, and it has also been found to have both beneficial and deleterious effects on hardened cement matrix.

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Section: Carbonation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Carbonation Resistance in Hydrated Cement Based Materials

Marangu

Thiong’o

Wachira

2019

Journal of Chemistry

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“…Concrete is a manmade composite material consisting of cement, aggregates and water, which is used in civil engineering construction and is preferred all over the world. It is the second most consumed substance on earth after water [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Lime Treated Palm Kernel Shell and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Cement Respectively in Concrete

Djima¹,

Mang’uriu²,

Mwero³

2018

OJCE

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This experimental research is focused on the effect of concrete made by incorporating lime treated Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) & Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as partial replacements of coarse aggregates and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) respectively. An experimental analysis for concrete grade 30 with a mix design ratio of 1:1.97:3.71 of cement:fine aggregates:coarse aggregates with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.5, was used. Physical tests such as workability on fresh concrete and water absorption on hardened concrete of each batch were carried out. Mechanical tests like compressive strength and split tensile strength were carried out on hardened concrete cubes (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) and cylinders (100 mm × 200 mm) at 7 and 28 days. The experimental results obtained in this study indicate the possibility of using up 15% of lime treated PKS and 10% of SCBA for production of structural concrete.

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“…Concrete is the most widely used engineering material [29,30] which is prepared by mixing together cement binder, fine and coarse aggregates and water. After the mixing phase the concrete is able to take any desired shape upon hardening.…”

Section: Chloride Induced Steel Corrosion In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on the Application of Layered Double Hydroxides in Concrete—A Review

et al. 2020

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The issue of chloride induced corrosion of reinforced concrete is a serious problem affecting infrastructure globally and causing huge economic losses. As such this issue has gained a considerable attention in the scientific community in the recent past. Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) have recently emerged as a new class of concrete-additives with a potential to increase the chloride resistance of concrete and mitigate corrosion. LDHs are clay like structures consisting of positively charged layers of cations with associated hydroxides and exchangeable anions in between the layers. Due to this charge balanced structure, LDHs possess the property of encapsulating an anion from the environment and replacing it with an exchangeable anion present in its layers. Potential applications include chloride entrapment in concrete and delivery of corrosion inhibiting anions. However, many versatile compositions of LDHs can be easily synthesized and their application as cement additives reach far beyond corrosion mitigation in concrete. This review presents a summary of recent advances on the applications of LDH in concrete. An extensive set of recently published literature has been critically reviewed and trends have been identified.

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Cement and concrete as an engineering material: An historic appraisal and case study analysis

Cited by 510 publications

References 5 publications

Review of Carbonation Resistance in Hydrated Cement Based Materials

Review of Carbonation Resistance in Hydrated Cement Based Materials

Experimental Investigation of Lime Treated Palm Kernel Shell and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Cement Respectively in Concrete

Recent Advances on the Application of Layered Double Hydroxides in Concrete—A Review

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