Central boutons of glomeruli in the spinal cord of the cat are enriched withl-glutamate-like immunoreactivity

Maxwell, David; Christie, W.M.; Short, A.D.; Storm‐Mathisen, Jon; Ottersen, Ole Petter

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90353-6

Cited by 79 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The immunogold labeling pattern for Glu seen in the present and previous studies (e.g., Somogyi et al, 1986;Ottersen, 1987Ottersen, , 1989aMontero and Wenthold, 1989;Maxwell et al, 1990;Montero, 1990;Ji et al, 199 1) is much less differentiated than that seen, for example, with GABA (Somogyi and Hodgson, 1985;De Biasi et al, 1988;Ottersen, 1989a). Specifically at sites where the gold particle density is low, such as over astrocytes and PSDs, it is important to evaluate whether the low density of gold particles represents unspecific binding to resin or cross-reacting substances in the tissue or if it represents low levels of fixed Glu.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Broman

Ottersen

1992

J. Neurosci.

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The distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity (Glu-LI) in the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of cats was studied with the EM immunogold technique in order to identify nerve terminal populations that may use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. The investigation was focused on cervicothalamic tract (CTT) terminals, which were labeled by WGA-HRP transported anterogradely from injection sites in the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN). The amount of Glu-LI in different profiles was evaluated quantitatively by counting the number of gold particles and then calculating the areal density of gold particles over different profile types. The highest density of gold particles was found over terminals with morphologic characteristics of terminals of cortical origin (RS terminals), a finding that further supports the glutamatergic nature of these terminals suggested by previous studies. Enrichment of Glu-LI was also found in CTT terminals and in non-peroxidase-labeled terminals with the same morphologic characteristics as CTT terminals (RL terminals). The labeling density over these terminals was about twice the average tissue density of gold particles. The labeling density over large VPL neuronal cell bodies was on average 127%, and that over vesicle-containing dendritic appendages and truncs (presynaptic dendrites) about 80%, of the average tissue density of gold particles. Immunogold labeling with antiserum against glutamine (Gln) indicated low levels of Gln-like immunoreactivity in CTT terminals and a high Glu:Gln ratio as compared to astrocytes and the average Glu:Gln ratio in the VPL. The present findings provide further support for a transmitter role of glutamate in terminals of ascending somatosensory afferents to the VPL, including the CTT. Taken together with previous findings of an enrichment of Glu-LI in terminals of the spinocervical tract (Broman et al., 1990), our results suggest that synaptic transmission in the spinocervicothalamic pathway is dependent on the release of glutamate both at the levels of the LCN and the VPL.

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Section: Methodological Considerationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Broman

Ottersen

1992

J. Neurosci.

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“…1 D) axons of the DHSC. Nociceptive primary afferent A␦ and C fibers terminate principally in laminae I-II of the DHSC and form scalloped central terminals surrounded by numerous peripheral dendrites and axon terminals, the so-called synaptic glomerulus (Ribeiro-da-Silva and Coimbra, 1982;Coimbra et al, 1984;Maxwell et al, 1990). Ultrastructural examination showed that central glomerular boutons classified as type II on the basis of their round shape and the presence of numerous mitochondria (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCL2 Released from Neuronal Synaptic Vesicles in the Spinal Cord Is a Major Mediator of Local Inflammation and Pain after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Steenwinckel¹,

Goazigo²,

Pommier³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

186

164

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CCL2 chemokine and its receptor CCR2 may contribute to neuropathic pain development. We tested the hypothesis that injury to peripheral nerves triggers CCL2 release from afferents in the dorsal horn spinal cord (DHSC), leading to pronociceptive effects, involving the production of proinflammatory factors, in particular. Consistent with the release of CCL2 from primary afferents, electron microscopy showed the CCL2 immunoreactivity in glomerular boutons and secretory vesicles in the DHSC of naive rats. Through the ex vivo superfusion of DHSC slices, we demonstrated that the rate of CCL2 secretion was much lower in neonatal capsaicin-treated rats than in controls. Thus, much of the CCL2 released in the DHSC originates from nociceptive fibers bearing TRPV1 ( . These pathological pain-associated changes in the DHSC were mimicked by the intrathecal injection of exogenous CCL2 in naive rats and were prevented by the administration of INCB3344 or ERK inhibitor (PD98059). Finally, mechanical allodynia, which was fully developed 2 weeks after SN-CCI in rats, was attenuated by the intrathecal injection of INCB3344. Our data demonstrate that CCL2 has the typical characteristics of a neuronal mediator involved in nociceptive signal processing and that antagonists of its receptor are promising agents from treating neuropathic pain.

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“…However, there is considerable evidence that glutamate is highly concentrated in axonal boutons from which it is released as a transmitter, and that the presence of high levels of glutamate-11 in axon terminals provides one of the most reliable ways of identifying glutamatergic neurons (Somogyi et al, 1986;Montero and Wenthold, 1989;Maxwell et al, 1990;Broman and Ottersen, 1992). By identifying the axons of particular neurons and estimating the level of glutamate-L1 in them, it should therefore be possible to determine whether or not the cells use glutamate as a transmitter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cerebellum it has been shown that the level of glutamate-11 is significantly higher in mossy and parallel fiber terminals (which are thought to release glutamate) than in other cellular compartments, including granule cell bodies that give rise to parallel fibers (Somogyi et al, 1986). Elsewhere in the CNS enrichment of glutamate-L1 has been demonstrated in axon terminals that are thought to be glutamatergic (e.g., Montero and Wenthold, 1989;Maxwell et al, 1990;Broman and Ottersen, 1992). This suggests that within axon terminals it is possible to identify the "transmitter pool" of glutamate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical evidence that neurotensin is present in glutamatergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat

et al. 1994

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In order to determine whether glutamate is enriched in neurotensin- containing axons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord, we have carried out preembedding immunocytochemistry with an antiserum to neurotensin and then used a postembedding immunogold method with antiserum to glutamate. The immunogold label (corresponding to glutamate-like immunoreactivity) over 40 neurotensin-immunoreactive boutons in laminae I and II of the lumbar dorsal horn was compared with that over nearby axons that formed asymmetrical or symmetrical synapses. In addition, for 20 of these boutons, the labeling was compared with that over mossy and parallel fiber terminals (both of which are thought to use glutamate as a transmitter) from sections of cerebellum that had been processed together with those of spinal cord. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity was consistently high over neurotensin- immunoreactive boutons relative to most surrounding profiles. Immunostaining over these boutons was slightly (11%) lower than that over matched terminals that formed asymmetrical synapses, but considerably higher than that over the terminals that formed symmetrical synapses. The level of glutamate immunoreactivity in neurotensin-immunoreactive boutons in dorsal horn was similar to that in cerebellar parallel fiber terminals, but significantly lower than that in mossy fiber terminals. These results suggest that glutamate is a transmitter used by neurotensin-immunoreactive axons in the dorsal horn, and since these axons are thought to be largely or entirely derived from neurotensin-containing neurons in laminae I-III, they provide immunocytochemical evidence for a population of excitatory glutamatergic neurons in this region.

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Central boutons of glomeruli in the spinal cord of the cat are enriched withl-glutamate-like immunoreactivity

Cited by 79 publications

References 53 publications

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

CCL2 Released from Neuronal Synaptic Vesicles in the Spinal Cord Is a Major Mediator of Local Inflammation and Pain after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Immunocytochemical evidence that neurotensin is present in glutamatergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat

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