Central Nervous System in Pediatric HIV Infection: A Multicenter Study1

Kozlowski, Piotr B.; Sher, Joanna; Dickson, Dennis W.; Llena, Josefina F.; Sharer, Leroy R.; Cho, Eun-Sook; Kanzer, M. D.

doi:10.1159/000419093

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In children, the pathologic features of HIV-1 encephalopathy occur as a unique constellation characterized by diminished brain weight, inflammatory cell infiltrates, multinucleated giant cells, vascular calcifications, perivascular inflammation, and white matter changes (334). At autopsy, the brains of children with HIV-1 infection weigh less than those of normal controls (202). Although multinucleated giant cells, microglial nodules, and white matter pallor are commonly observed in the brains of children and adults, the most frequent finding in children is vascular or juxtavascular basophilic mineralization located in either the basal ganglia (putamen and globus pallidus, but not caudate) or the frontal lobe white matter (333).…”

Section: Hiv-1 Encephalopathy (Hiv-1-associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain

et al. 1993

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Direct infection of the central nervous system by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, was not appreciated in the early years of the AIDS epidemic. Neurological complications associated with AIDS were largely attributed to opportunistic infections that arose as a result of the immunocompromised state of the patient and to depression. In 1985, several groups succeeded in isolating HIV-1 directly from brain tissue. Also that year, the viral genome was completely sequenced, and HIV-1 was found to belong to a neurotropic subfamily of retrovirus known as the Lentivirinae. These findings clearly indicated that direct HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system played a role in the development of AIDS-related neurological disease. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system and the related neuropathology, the tropism of HIV-1 for specific cell types both within and outside of the nervous system, the possible mechanisms by which HIV-1 damages the nervous system, and the current strategies for diagnosis and treatment of HIV-1-associated neuropathology.

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Section: Hiv-1 Encephalopathy (Hiv-1-associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain

et al. 1993

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“…In a study of 114 cases of pediatrics AIDS, only 11 cases of opportunis tic CNS infections were found. These included 8 CMV in fections, 2 Candida infections and 1 cryptococcal infection [57]. There have been no published cases of CNS toxo plasmosis in vertically acquired AIDS cases (with the ex ception of congenital toxoplasmosis ), although this author has seen 2 such cases [unpubl.…”

Section: Manifestations Due To Opportunistic and Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection in Children

Civitello¹

1991

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…OIs may also be seen in infants and younger children as a result of congenital infection. The most common CNS OI in pediatric AIDS is cytomegalovirus (CMV) [30][31][32]. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), caused by the JC virus (a papova virus), has rarely been reported in children [33].…”

Section: Secondary Central Nervous System Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic aspects of HIV infection in infants and children: Therapeutic approaches and outcome

Civitello

2003

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Central nervous system (CNS) HIV-related disorders frequently have devastating consequences. Significant progress has been made in the early diagnosis and treatment of the HIV-infected patient. As a result, the prevalence and natural history of neurologic illnesses have changed. This paper reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and neuropathogenesis of HIV-related CNS disorders. Advances in antiretroviral therapy, neuroprophylaxis, and neuroprotective strategies are also discussed.

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Central Nervous System in Pediatric HIV Infection: A Multicenter Study1

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain

Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection in Children

Neurologic aspects of HIV infection in infants and children: Therapeutic approaches and outcome

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