Central retinal artery occlusion in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease

Visual Field Defect After Posterior Spine Fusion

“…Patient factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypercoagulable states such as sickle cell disease. 2,3,18,19 Factors related to surgery include direct pressure on the eye, intraoperative hypotension, and excessive blood loss leading to anemia. 4 -15 Anemia and smoking result in decreased oxygen delivery capability, whereas both hypotension and direct pressure on the globe (resulting in increased intraocular pressure) impair the blood flow required to maintain adequate oxygenation.…”

CE: Understanding the Complications of Sickle Cell Disease

“…279 CRAO can also occur spontaneously. [280][281][282] Orbital infarction is another rare but serious complication of SCD, typically occurring during a VOC. This infarction of the orbital bones is often complicated by hematomas, thought to be a result of ischemic vessel wall necrosis.…”