Certified reference materials for the quality control of rare earth element determinations in the environment

Rare earth elements in surface sediments of a marine coast under heavy anthropogenic influence: The Bohai Bay, China

“…The dCe in our present study are quite in line with those of the Changjiang River (1.00), Huanghe River (1.00), Po River (1.00) (Yang et al, 2002;Kramer et al, 2002) and the intertidal zone of the Bohai Bay reported in our early study (Zhang et al, 2014). Hoyle et al (1984) suggested that Ce behaved coherently with its neighboring elements as a result of estuarine mixing so that Ce anomaly is not generated in estuary.…”

“…The negative ratios indicated that the concentrations of LREEs were slightly depleted than the concentrations of middle REEs and HREEs. The total average value of La/Gd (0.80) was quite in line with those in the sediments from the Changjiang (0.80), Huanghe (0.80) and Po Rivers (0.80), while the total mean ratio of La/Yb (0.86) was 4e28% lower (1.20, 1.10, and 0.90 respectively) (Yang et al, 2002;Kramer et al, 2002).…”

Rare earth elements in intertidal sediments of Bohai Bay, China: Concentration, fractionation and the influence of sediment texture

“…ΣREE, LREE and HREE in clayey silt sediment were $ 40 percent higher than in sand and silty sand sediments while the LREE/HREE of the former was $ 10 percent lower than that of the latter, indicating that the grain size in the sediment strongly affected the REEs contents in the surface sediments from intertidal Bohai Bay (Table 3). ΣREE, LREE, HREE, and LREE/HREE in this study matched those in Huanghe River sediment (Yang et al, 2002) and fell between those in Changjiang and Po River sediments (Yang et al, 2002;Kramer et al, 2002). As indicated by Xu et al (2010Xu et al ( , 2012, Haihe River is the predominant source controlling the REE patterns of Bohai Bay sediment, while the environment can slightly affect the REE patterns.…”

“…LREE/HREE concentration ratio, normalized La/Gd and La/Yb concentration ratios and values of δCe and δEu in surface sediments from intertidal Bohai Bay, Changjiang River and Huanghe River (Yang et al, 2002) and Po River (Kramer et al, 2002 REEs contents in shale have been used for normalization in the literature (McLennan, 1989;Webb and Kamber, 2000;Chen et al, 2005;Chaillou et al, 2006). Although the major features of these datasets are similar to each other, the normalized values vary as much as $ 20 percent, particularly for HREE (Alibo and Nozaki, 1999).…”

Geochemistry of rare-earth elements in Holocene sediments of an acidic estuary: Environmental markers (Tinto River Estuary, South-Western Spain)

“…These values are respectively 62 ppm against to 100.6 and 108 ppm for LREE, and 10.6 ppm against to 14.9 and 16.7 ppm for HREE. If we compare these concentrations with values obtained by other authors in sediments from estuaries and fluvial systems (Yang et al, 2002;Kramer et al, 2002) it can be observed that P REE mean concentrations in the studied samples are remarkably lower (Table 3). Moreover, LREE / HREE ratios of cores T1, T2 and T3 (5.8, 6.7 and 6.5, respectively) are also lower than observed in other natural systems (between 8 and 9.2).…”