Chain-Based Communication in Cylindrical Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Appropriate network design is very significant for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Application-oriented UWSNs are planned to achieve certain objectives. Therefore, there is always a demand for efficient data routing schemes, which can fulfill certain requirements of application-oriented UWSNs. These networks can be of any shape, i.e., rectangular, cylindrical or square. In this paper, we propose chain-based routing schemes for application-oriented cylindrical networks and also formulate mathematical models to find a global optimum path for data transmission. In the first scheme, we devise four interconnected chains of sensor nodes to perform data communication. In the second scheme, we propose routing scheme in which two chains of sensor nodes are interconnected, whereas in third scheme single-chain based routing is done in cylindrical networks. After finding local optimum paths in separate chains, we find global optimum paths through their interconnection. Moreover, we develop a computational model for the analysis of end-to-end delay. We compare the performance of the above three proposed schemes with that of Power Efficient Gathering System in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) and Congestion adjusted PEGASIS (C-PEGASIS). Simulation results show that our proposed 4-chain based scheme performs better than the other selected schemes in terms of network lifetime, end-to-end delay, path loss, transmission loss, and packet sending rate.

Enhanced Single Chain-Based Scheme in Cylindrical Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

“…This approach is not considered as much efficient for the areas with low density nodes. In [9] Author suggests three different routing schemes for chainbased network is presented. Cylindrical network model with 4-chains, 2-chains and single chain are discussed separately.…”

“…In single chain-based routing scheme (SCBS), where a single chain is implemented [9] by examining the routing scheme of SCBS in which one sink is placed on a surface and single chain is created from the farthest node to sink in a cylindrical area. In this way, local optimum path are established and data is transmitted from farthest node to the sink.…”

On Utilizing Static Courier Nodes to Achieve Energy Efficiency with Depth Based Routing for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

“…This chain based routing is used to enhance network life time, maximum throughput, path loss, end to end delay and transmission loss [15].…”

An Enhanced K-Means and ANOVA-Based Clustering Approach for Similarity Aggregation in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Underwater sensor nodes are small devices with constrained energy and little memory [3]. Moreover, these nodes use acoustic signals that can travel to longer distance than radio waves due to lower frequency [4]- [6]. Hence, unlike traditional sensor networks, sensors in UWSNs consume more energy due to the acoustic technology used in under water communications.…”