Chalkbrood disease in honey bees

Aronstein, Kate; Murray, K. Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.018

Cited by 218 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Chalkbrood is a fungal brood disease that affects larvae. The mummified larvae can easily be detected and vary in colour from white to black (reviewed in Aronstein and Murray 2010). In some cases, chalkbrood can cause a reduction in colony numbers and possibly colony losses (reviewed in Jensen et al 2013).…”

Section: Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera Apis )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeybee health in Africa—a review

Pirk¹,

Strauss²,

Yusuf³

et al. 2015

Apidologie

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-Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pathogens and parasites and the negative effects thereof on honeybee populations remain an issue of public concern and the subject of active research. Africa with its high genetic diversity of honeybee sub-species and large wild population is also exposed to various factors responsible for colony losses in other parts of the world. Apart from the current American foulbrood epidemic in the Western Cape of South Africa, no large-scale colony losses have been reported elsewhere on the continent. We discuss the presence of pathogens, parasites, pests and predators of African honeybees as well as the threats they face in relation to habitat changes arising from the impact of increased human populations. In addition, we discuss current efforts aimed at protecting and promoting the health of African honeybees.honeybees / Africa / honeybee health / pathogens / parasites / pests / predators / habitat loss

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Section: Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera Apis )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeybee health in Africa—a review

Pirk¹,

Strauss²,

Yusuf³

et al. 2015

Apidologie

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“…The primary defences are the cuticle, the spiracles and trachea and the alimentary canal including the intestinal epithelium and peritrophic membrane (Aronstein and Murray, 2010;Glinski, 2000;Glinski and Kauko, 2000). If these are breached cellular immune defences include the cellular response represented by phagocytosis by haemocytes and melanisation.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…causes nutritional stress and increases food intake -for a review see Fries, 2010) and Ascophaera apis (chalkbrood) which affects larvae (for a review see Aronstein and Murray, 2010;Glinski and Buczek, 2003). N. bombi is a pathogen of bumble bees and when infection occurs at an early stage of colony development virtually all individuals are infected, with spores being found in a number of tissues, and the functional fitness of males and young queens is reduced to zero.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees

Thompson

2012

EFS3

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Bees are important pollinators of both managed crops and wild flora. An overview of the interactions between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees considered: 1) The importance of the different exposure routes in relation to the overall exposure of bees to pesticides; 2) Multiple exposure to pesticides (including substances used in bee medication) and potential additive and cumulative effects; and 3) Interactions between diseases and susceptibility of bees to pesticides. Nectar foraging bees are likely to experienced highest exposure to both sprayed and systemic seed and soil treatments compounds followed by nurse and brood-attending bees. In both cases the major contribution to exposure was contaminated nectar with direct overspray playing a significant role in exposure. However, there are a variety of other routes (and other bee species) where there is currently insufficient data to fully total exposure: There are a large number of studies that have investigated the interactions between pesticides in bees. By far the majority have related to the interactions involving EBI fungicides and can be related to their inhibition of P450. The scale of the synergy is shown to be dose and season-dependent in acute exposures but there are few data relating to the effect of time between exposures, the effect of route of exposure or on chronic exposure effects at realistic exposure levels. There are a wide range of factors which affect the immunocompetence of bees including diet quality, pest and diseases. Although there are a limited number of laboratory based studies which suggest effects of a pesticide on disease susceptibility there is no clear evidence from field-based studies that exposure of colonies to pesticides results in increased susceptibility to disease or that there is a link between colony loss due to disease and pesticide residues in monitoring studies. KEY WORDSHoneybees, bumble bees, pesticides, disease, mixtures, synergism DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author. This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author, awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author. This task has been carried out exclusively by the author in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as...

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“…In addition, some negligent hygienic practices by beekeepers, such as reuse of apiculture materials (Van der Zee 2010), exchange of combs containing the remains of diseased broods (OIE 2014), and reuse of contaminated wax (Malone and Gatehouse 1998;OIE 2014), among other practices (Higes et al 2008;Aronstein and Murray 2010), are indicated as important routes for dissemination of these pathological agents (Hale and Menapace 1980;Higes et al 2008;Giersch et al 2009). For this reason, research has been carried out to develop methods to detect pathogens in bee products, mainly involving the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (de Graaf et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous detection of Nosema spp., Ascosphaera apis and Paenibacillus larvae in honey bee products

Guimarães-Cestaro¹,

Serrão²,

Message³

et al. 2016

JHR

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Honey bees are responsible for pollinating many native and cultivated plant species. These insects can be affected by many pathogens, including fungi and bacteria, both of which can form spores that are easily dispersed within the colony by means of the stored products, among other routes. The objective of this study was to develop a method to detect spores of the honey bee pathogens Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae, Ascosphaera apis and Paenibacillus larvae in samples of honey, bee pollen and royal jelly. The method was standardized for each product individually, and then analyzed by monoplex and multiplex PCR, which showed the same detection thresholds: 1.25 spores/mL of honey for N. ceranae; 7.5 spores/mL of honey for A. apis; and 0.4 spore/mL of honey for P. larvae, respectively. The standardized technique was effective and rapid for the detection of these pathogens in bee products and can be used for the establishment of official methods of sanitary control of bee products, considering the growing national and international trade of these products and the movement or migration of colonies between regions.

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Chalkbrood disease in honey bees

Cited by 218 publications

References 91 publications

Honeybee health in Africa—a review

Honeybee health in Africa—a review

Interaction between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees

Simultaneous detection of Nosema spp., Ascosphaera apis and Paenibacillus larvae in honey bee products

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