Challenges and Perspectives for Achieving the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Targets in Brazil

Martins, Eline; Loyola, Rafael; Martinelli, Gustavo

doi:10.3417/d-16-00009a

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Considering only tree and shrub species, plant nurseries were offering customers less than 50% of species registered on studied references, reinforcing it is a huge challenge to offer species diversity for tropical diverse ecological restoration, even in the most established supply chain in Brazil (Silva et al 2015, 2017). The situation is even more critical when considering that only 2.3% (19 species) of São Paulo state’s threatened plant species were found in plant nurseries, falling short of the objectives of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation in Brazil, which defines a goal of making 20% of threatened species available for restoration efforts by 2020 (Martins et al 2017). Since threatened species offer a greater challenge for conservationists, specific recovery plans would be necessary to achieve this particular goal (Durigan et al 2010; Martins et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The restoration species pool for restoring tropical landscapes: assessment of the largest Brazilian supply chain

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et al. 2019

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22Brazil has been committed to fulfill international restoration goals and to enforce 23 environmental legislation that will require private landowners to undertake ecological 24 restoration of 21 million hectares of degraded and deforested landscapes. To support a 25 broad range of restoration practices, a consolidated supply chain able to represent 26 regional plant diversity is essential. This study investigated the restoration species pool 27 in native plant nurseries in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil and evaluated their 28 geographic distribution, similarity of their plant stocks and the proportion of species 29 represented from regional floras. Despite the lack of technical assistance and the large 30 presence of non-native species (126 species, average 7.5 species/nursery), we found still 31 more impressive native species richness in plant nurseries (561 species, average 86.4 32 species/nursery) from both the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains, representing 38 to 33 44% of regional floras. There was a huge bias toward tree and shrub species (96.6%) and 34 absence or underrepresentation of other growth forms, as well as of savanna specialists, 35 animal-dispersed and threatened species. The great dissimilarity of species offered in 36 the nurseries surveyed underscores the importance of regional seed collection 37 practices. Effective assistance and capacitation are essential to address issues related to 38 misidentification of species, underrepresentation of most functional plant groups, and 39 the presence of non-native species, as well as to support the supply chain, currently 40 undergoing market downturn.41 42

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The restoration species pool for restoring tropical landscapes: assessment of the largest Brazilian supply chain

Vidal

Naves

Rag

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Despite efforts at various scales generated by the GSPC, greater progress is being made in public policies and actions to meet the demand for knowledge and conservation of plants, with red lists and some action plans for endangered plants, which relate to Objective I (Martins et al 2017). At the national level, there are still no coordinated policies to meet the third GSPC objective, related to the sustainable and equitable use of plant species diversity, and especially to meet Targets 12 and 13.…”

Section: Public Policies and Strategies To Reach The Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to CBD (2010a), Target 13 aims to "maintain or increase, as appropriate, innovations and practices associated with plant resources to support customary use, sustainable livelihoods, local food security and health care" (our emphasis). The lack of coordinated policies is is also reflected in the literature, such as Martins et al (2017), which deals with the challenges and perspectives for achieving the GSPC targets in Brazil, where only the following goals were treated as challenges for Brazil: Target 1 (an online flora of all known plants), Target 2 (an assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation actions), Target 3 (information, research and associated outputs, and methods necessary to implement, develop, and share the strategy), Target 7 (at least 75% of known threatened plant species conserved in situ), Target 8 (at least 75% of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20% available for recovery and restoration programs), Target 15 (the number of trained people working with appropriate facilities sufficient, according to national needs, to achieve the targets of this strategy), and Target 16 (institutions, networks, and partnerships for plant conservation established or strengthened at national, regional, and international levels to achieve the targets of this strategy). A similar approach is found in the document describing the progress in implementing the GSPC in Brazil, provided to the CBD Secretariat following the GSPC Liaison Group meeting held in July 2011, which skips GSPC Targets 5,6,9,10,11,12,13, and 14 (<https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/pc/ gspclg-04/other/gspclg-04-submission-brazil-2011-171-en.pdf>).…”

Section: Public Policies and Strategies To Reach The Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The threats often linked to global plant extinction include habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, climatic change, and co-extinction (through cascading effects and domino effects among pollinators and plants), as well as the synergic effects between these threats (Krupnick 2013). In the Brazilian context, special emphasis is placed on habitat loss and fragmentation due to land use conversion for large-scale agriculture and pastures, mining activities, hydroelectric dams, infrastructure development, large uncontrolled wildfires, and overexploitation (Martins et al 2017). Such large-scale pressures also threaten traditional peoples who depend on biodiversity for their livelihood and cultural identity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indigenous and traditional knowledge, sustainable harvest, and the long road ahead to reach the 2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation objectives

et al. 2018

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Global strategies under the scope of CBD are important in guiding policies and resources for the conservation of biological diversity. This paper emphasized the need to develop actions under the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) with measurable results up to 2020, regarding the status and perspectives related to Targets 12 and 13, focusing on the Brazilian context in order to identify gaps and actions to achieve the goals for conservation and sustainable use of plants. It should be noted that Target 12 also covers logging, not necessarily directly related to indigenous peoples and traditional communities, but may threaten their livelihoods. In Brazil, scientific knowledge about the ecological effects of the harvesting of non-timber forest products is still limited, and few studies have contributed to the establishment of legal regulations for collection and management. With regard to target 13, which concerns traditional and indigenous knowledge about plant use and the dependence of these peoples on plants, there are still a lack of integrative and effective policy initiatives. However, considering the negative political context of recent decades and exacerbated in recent years in relation to biodiversity conservation and indigenous peoples and local communities, profound changes are necessary in the Brazilian scenario, with strong support and recognition for indigenous peoples and local communities, so that any objective related to the achievement of the goals of the GSPC is minimally achieved.

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“…We obtained species distribution as both occurrence records and polygons for 2104 species listed in the Red Book of Brazilian Flora (Martinelli & Moraes 2013) from CNCFlora. CNCFlora is the Red List authority in Brazil (Martins et al 2017) and this is the most complete and up-to-date dataset of Brazilian threatened flora distribution available. We obtained data on PAs and indigenous lands (ILs) from a range of sources (Tab.…”

Section: Species and Protected Area Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of protected areas and indigenous lands in representing threatened plant species in Brazil

et al. 2018

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Brazil is signatory of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which provides guidelines and directions to existing national policies. This strategy aims to halt the continuing loss of plant diversity through the achievement of 16 outcome-based targets set for 2020. One of these targets (target 7) states that at least 75% of known threatened plant species should be preserved in situ. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of the Brazilian current network of protected areas (PAs) and indigenous lands (ILs) in representing all known threatened plant species. We found that the number of species represented inside PAs and ILs varied according to data type. When using occurrence records, we found that 699 (33%) threatened plant species lie completely outside PAs (and/or ILs) and that 1,405 species (67%) have at least one record inside at least one PA (and/or IL). The number of species unrepresented decreased when we considered polygons of distribution. In this case, only 219 (10%) are supposedly unprotected. Although Brazil is almost reaching GSPC Target 7 in terms of absolute numbers, the government still needs to allocate resources for properly managing and improving the conservation status of its imperiled flora and expand the network of PAs.

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Challenges and Perspectives for Achieving the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Targets in Brazil

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

The restoration species pool for restoring tropical landscapes: assessment of the largest Brazilian supply chain

The restoration species pool for restoring tropical landscapes: assessment of the largest Brazilian supply chain

Indigenous and traditional knowledge, sustainable harvest, and the long road ahead to reach the 2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation objectives

The effectiveness of protected areas and indigenous lands in representing threatened plant species in Brazil

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