Challenges in the data analysis of Asian lacquers from museum objects by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Tamburini, Diego; Bonaduce, Ilaria; Ribechini, Erika; Gallego, C.; Pérez-Arantegui, Josefina

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104905

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Aliphatic hydrocarbons (C, m/z 55 and 57, Figure 4b,c) are present from 1-Decene (C9:1) to 1-Pentadecene (C15:1), peaking at 1-Tetradecene (C14:1), and present from decane (C10) to pentadecane (C15), peaking at pentadecane (C15); the alkylbenzenes (B, m/z 91, Figure 4d) show a decreasing profile from benzene propyl-(B3) to benzene octyl-(B8). These results are identical to those of urushi [24]. In addition, 1,2-Dimethoxy-3-pentadec-8enylbenzene (P1, 3-pentadecenyl-catechol) and 1,2-Dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene (P2, 3-pentadecyl-catechol) were detected in the red layer; both are characteristic components of urushi [25,26].…”

Section: Lacquer Film Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Systematic Investigation into Evolution of Materials and Techniques Used in Lacquer Lian from the Warring States Period to the Yuan Dynasty

Wu,

Zhao,

Fang

et al. 2023

Coatings

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In order to investigate the evolution of Chinese lacquering techniques, seven pieces of lacquer Lian from the Warring States Period to the Yuan Dynasty (475 BC–1368 AD) were analyzed by means of cross-section observation, Raman spectroscopy (RS), and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS). The results revealed that the lacquer Lian consisted of a three-layer structure, encompassing a pigment layer on the surface, an undercoat layer in the middle, and a ground layer. The red mineral pigment utilized was cinnabar, while a combination of Chinese lacquer and drying oil served as the primary organic material. Although lacquering techniques had undergone minimal changes from the Warring States Period to the Yuan Dynasty, the species of drying oil had changed, based on the fact that boiled tung oil was found in the ground layer of lacquerware from the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. The present research provides direct evidence for the inheritance and development of Chinese lacquer technology.

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Section: Lacquer Film Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Systematic Investigation into Evolution of Materials and Techniques Used in Lacquer Lian from the Warring States Period to the Yuan Dynasty

Wu,

Zhao,

Fang

et al. 2023

Coatings

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“…In addition, it has been used for thousands of years in history of the East Asia, especially in China 1 – 3 . It is still used now because of its durability, acid and alkali resistance and high ornamental performance after it cured 4 – 6 . The compositions of lacquer sap are urushiol (40–80%), water (20–30%), plant gum substance (~ 7%), polysaccharides (~ 5%), laccase (< 1%), and other substance (< 5%) 7 – 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of thermal degradation of raw lacquer enhanced by formaldehyde urea prepolymer

Xiao

Cao

Zheng

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, formaldehyde-urea prepolymer (FUP) were synthesized, which were used to modify the raw lacquer (RL) and this composition named LF, while the basic properties of the RL were tested. Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the degradative characteristics and the surface morphology of RL before and after modification. The result indicated that FUP can significantly improve the performance of RL. The drying time of the LF is significantly shortened, the gloss, the pencil hardness, and the impact performance are significantly enhanced at the same time. TG analysis and thermal decomposition kinetics analysis illustrated that the thermal stability and the activation energy of LF2 were stronger than that of RL. In addition, SEM analysis illustrated that the surface smoothness of RL were also improved.

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“…Scientific investigation has played an important role in the protection and restoration of ancient lacquerwares. The main techniques for the study of the binding materials of lacquerwares include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [2][3][4], pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) [3,5], and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [6]. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) [3,7,8], X-ray diffraction (XRD) [8,9], and Raman spectroscopy [8,10] are normally applied to analyse the inorganic materials present in lacquerwares.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Materials and Techniques of Red Lacquer Painting of a Horizontal Plaque Inscribed by General Feng Yü-hsiang

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The “Tian Di Chang Chun” horizontal plaque was inscribed by General Feng Yü-hsiang in R.O.C. 25 (1936). Due to the aging of the materials and some factors in the preservation environment, the red painted layer on the surface of the plaque has shed. In this study, in order to analyse the materials and techniques used for the production of the inscribed plaques, the digital microscope system, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) were used to analyse the materials and techniques used on this plaque. It has been shown that the decorative layer of the plaque consists of a red Chinese lacquer film layer on the surface and a ground layer. The red lacquer film layer comprises Chinese lacquer, tung oil, and cinnabar. The materials used for the ground layer are blood putty made of a blood product, youman (flour–oil–lime mixture), and brick powder. The technique used is the SDH (San Dao Hui) layer technique in ancient buildings. This study provides physical evidence regarding the materials and techniques used in inscribed plaque relics, and also provides technical support to further protect and restore the plaque.

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Challenges in the data analysis of Asian lacquers from museum objects by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Systematic Investigation into Evolution of Materials and Techniques Used in Lacquer Lian from the Warring States Period to the Yuan Dynasty

Systematic Investigation into Evolution of Materials and Techniques Used in Lacquer Lian from the Warring States Period to the Yuan Dynasty

Kinetics of thermal degradation of raw lacquer enhanced by formaldehyde urea prepolymer

Characterization of the Materials and Techniques of Red Lacquer Painting of a Horizontal Plaque Inscribed by General Feng Yü-hsiang

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