Challenges in the determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics, a review

Analysis of 76 veterinary pharmaceuticals from 13 classes including aminoglycosides in bovine muscle by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…These groups make them difficult to separate using conventional RPLC without ion pairing. The use of HILIC MS provides the advantage of direct determination (no derivatization or ion-pairing reagents) and higher sensitivity comparing to ion pairing RPLC [25,43]. However, the simultaneous determination of AGs and other drugs in a single method is very difficult due to their rather different physicochemical properties.…”

“…As it can be noticed, high attention has been paid in the determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics with hydrophilic interaction chromatography [31,[34][35][36][37][39][40][41][42]. Their determination in food and environmental matrices was recently reviewed [43]. Aminoglycosides (AGs) are very polar compounds containing many amino and hydroxyl groups in their structures.…”

Analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC and their use as chiral selectors: An update

“…In fact, these residues are a major concern due to the negative consequences that their presence in food or environmental samples may have. Among others, the side effects of their prolonged intake (toxicity and allergic hypersensitivity in humans and animals) and the risk of developing bacterial resistance to several antibiotics can be highlighted .…”

Development of a monoclonal antibody assay and immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of amikacin residues in milk and eggs

“…In addition, the amikacin molecule has no chromophores that can give a reliable signal in the UV region, lacks volatility and is very hydrophilic (Farouk, Azzazy, & Niessen, 2015). As a result, direct HPLC analysis by UV detection is further complicated since it requires derivatization of some functional groups in amikacin to give efficient absorption in the UV-visible wavelength range or efficient fluorescent properties (Farouk et al, 2015;Ovalles et al, 2005;Zawilla et al, 2007). Therefore, other than the chromatographic methods, there is a need for alternative analytical techniques for amikacin determination.…”

“…However, these methods are costly, time-consuming, require sophisticated laboratory equipment and technically trained personnel (Chen, Kong, et al, 2016;Li et al, 2016;Lourenco, Barbosa, & Pinto, 2011;Xu et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2011). In addition, the amikacin molecule has no chromophores that can give a reliable signal in the UV region, lacks volatility and is very hydrophilic (Farouk, Azzazy, & Niessen, 2015). As a result, direct HPLC analysis by UV detection is further complicated since it requires derivatization of some functional groups in amikacin to give efficient absorption in the UV-visible wavelength range or efficient fluorescent properties (Farouk et al, 2015;Ovalles et al, 2005;Zawilla et al, 2007).…”