Challenges in understanding the epidemiology of acquired brain injury in India

Kamalakannan, Sureshkumar; Gudlavalleti, Aashrai; Gudlavalleti, Venkata S Murthy; Goenka, Shifalika; Kuper, Hannah

doi:10.4103/0972-2327.151047

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…India leads in road traffic accident (RTA) deaths, according to the 2018 World Road Statistics [1]. RTAs contribute to 60% of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in our nation, with falls and assaults at 25% and 10%, respectively [2]. Most unidentified patients exhibit poor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, heightened trauma severity, and suboptimal outcomes despite standard treatment [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidentified Patients in Emergency Room: Navigating Trauma in India’s Healthcare System – a Case Series

Kumar,

Singh,

Verma

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: India leads in road traffic accident (RTA) deaths, according to the 2018 World Road Statistics. Most unidentified patients exhibit poor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores ,often less than eight , heightened trauma severity, and suboptimal outcomes despite standard treatment. Our study concentrates on individuals involved in hit-and-run RTAs or found unconscious and brought to the emergency department and their final outcome.Case Presentation: We are presenting a case series featuring five patients admitted to our hospital for treatment. At the time of admission, all these patients' identities were unknown.We did not face any legal challenges in managing the unidentified patients as we followed preestablished protocols. We report a case series of five male patients who had been admitted after road traffic accidents. All of them regained consciousness after conservative management. These complex cases frequently led to extended hospital stays, underscoring the intricacies of providing care to individuals with uncertain medical histories. All of the patients were treated and successfully discharged. Conclusion: Addressing challenges with unidentified adult patients requires proactive measures like staff training and improved resources. In a developing nation, prioritizing public awareness on road safety, prehospital trauma care, and enhancing healthcare delivery, especially in hospitals, is essential for optimal outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidentified Patients in Emergency Room: Navigating Trauma in India’s Healthcare System – a Case Series

Kumar,

Singh,

Verma

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a term that includes traumatic and non-traumatic causes of brain damage. It does not include brain injuries that are hereditary, congenital, or degenerative [ 1 ]. Common traumatic causes of ABI include car accidents, gunshot wounds, and sports injuries, while non-traumatic events include focal brain lesions, anoxia, tumors, aneurysm, vascular malformations, and infections [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Consciousness through Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation: Possibilities and Challenges

Vatrano

Nemirovsky

Tonin

et al. 2023

Life

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Neurofeedback is a non-invasive therapeutic approach that has gained traction in recent years, showing promising results for various neurological and psychiatric conditions. It involves real-time monitoring of brain activity, allowing individuals to gain control over their own brainwaves and improve cognitive performance or alleviate symptoms. The use of electroencephalography (EEG), such as brain–computer interface (BCI), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has been instrumental in developing neurofeedback techniques. However, the application of these tools in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) presents unique challenges. In this narrative review, we explore the use of neurofeedback in treating patients with DoC. More specifically, we discuss the advantages and challenges of using tools such as EEG neurofeedback, tDCS, TMS, and BCI for these conditions. Ultimately, we hope to provide the neuroscientific community with a comprehensive overview of neurofeedback and emphasize its potential therapeutic applications in severe cases of impaired consciousness levels.

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“…Acquired brain injuries, in general, and traumatic brain injury (TBI), in particular, are major public health issues worldwide, as they are considered a leading cause of death and disability (Blaya et al, 2022;Kamalakannan et al, 2015;Maas et al, 2017;Peeters et al, 2015). TBI can be defined as "an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force" (Menon et al, 2010(Menon et al, , p. 1637, such as a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the normal function of the brain (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Traumatic brain injury and malingering: A systematic review.

Azeredo,

Geraldo,

Moreira

et al. 2024

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Objective: The relevance of detecting feigning on neuropsychological evaluations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients has been increasing as studies alert to the tendency to overreport symptoms of TBI for attaining different kinds of compensation. Considering this, the main goal of this study was to explore which instruments and tasks have been used to evaluate feigning of TBI-related neuropsychological deficits malingering and whether these instruments effectively detect instructed feigning of this symptomatology when compared to bona fide TBI patients. Method: A systematic review supported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols and Cochrane guidelines was performed. Thirty-one studies focused on examining the differences between instructed malingerers and TBI patients were included. Results: The results show that the tasks used to assess malingering are diverse and not only specifically designed for this purpose. The most frequently used instrument was the Test of Memory Malingering and other instruments or tasks that involve some aspect of memory functioning. Additionally, it was also found a significant difference between the performance of the instructed malingerers and TBI patients across all the included studies, with a general tendency of malingerers to perform worse and report more symptoms than patients. Conclusion: This review highlights the effectiveness of Symptom and Performance Validity Tests in evaluating the overall credibility of reported TBIrelated symptomatology, which is increased by combining two or more instruments or tasks. Public Significance StatementTraumatic brain injuries are commonly related to a legal assessment of the credibility of the symptomatology reported by the patient. This study intends to support health care practitioners, specifically neuropsychologists, in their practices of evaluating the overall credibility of reported symptomatology following a TBI. It highlights the relevance of combining more than one instrument for increasing the accuracy of the evaluation.

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Challenges in understanding the epidemiology of acquired brain injury in India

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Unidentified Patients in Emergency Room: Navigating Trauma in India’s Healthcare System – a Case Series

Unidentified Patients in Emergency Room: Navigating Trauma in India’s Healthcare System – a Case Series

Assessing Consciousness through Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation: Possibilities and Challenges

Traumatic brain injury and malingering: A systematic review.

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