Challenges of Tuberculosis in Iran

Bialvaei, Abed Zahedi; Asgharzadeh, Mohammad; Aghazadeh, Mohammad; Nourazarian, Manouchehr; Kafil, Hossein Samadi

doi:10.5812/jjm.37866

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Besides the treatment of tuberculosis is free in Iran so some patients come from Azerbaijan to Iran for treatment subsequently the chance of tuberculosis transmission will be increased. The similar culture between two areas increased the people exposure [5,16]. In view of that, the management of patients travel from Azerbaijan to Iran should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high incidence of tuberculosis among Afghan immigrants (63.5 per 100,000 in population) was reported from Fars province in 2009 [12]. The studies done by Moradi et al (2008) in Kerman province and Tabrizi et al (2014) in Hormozgan province show, the most new cases of tuberculosis were determined among immigrants that comes from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh and India which are endemic area of tuberculosis [3,5,10].…”

Section: Tuberculosis In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of tuberculosis was higher in old persons (> 50 years old) than young patients and the tuberculosis infection was occurred among woman higher than men [9,10]. However, based on WHO's report in 2013, the male to female ratio for tuberculosis was 1.1 in Iran [5].…”

Section: Tuberculosis In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuberculosis and HIV are associated closely because the people infected with HIV are very sensitive for infections by M. tuberculosis [5]. In 2008, from 1.8 million people died because of tuberculosis, half of them associated with HIV.…”

Section: Effective Factors For Tuberculosis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 10.4 million people afflicted with tuberculosis disease which 5.9 million among men (56%), 3.5 million among women (34%) and 1.0 million (10%) among children. In 2015, 1.8 million people died because of tuberculosis that 300,000 death increased from the previous year [4][5][6]. Tuberculosis can spread from person to person through the air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Iran and Neighboring Countries

Tavakoli

2017

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: Tuberculosis is one of the major public health concerns in many countries, however the available and effective treatment is known. Tuberculosis typically determined with socio-economic problems such as war, malnutrition and HIV prevalence. In Iran, many progresses are carried to control tuberculosis but, different factors such as immigration from neighboring countries are affective to tuberculosis infection. Objectives: In this paper, the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis is evaluated in different regions of Iran and neighboring countries. Methods: The data are collected from different and valid sources such as Scopus, Pubmed and also many reports from world health organization (WHO) and center of disease control and prevention (CDC) for a period of 25 years (1990 -2015) evaluated for Iran and neighboring countries. Results: This study as a descriptive-analytical research is conducted cross-sectional among Iran and neighboring countries since 1990. The information is obtained from exact and valid informative data from web of sciences. The east and west border countries of Iran which are faced with war and immigration in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq are source of tuberculosis infection that effect on tuberculosis prevalence in Iran. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and Excel 2013. Conclusions:The incidence of tuberculosis in Iran has been decreased because of many controlling actions such as BCG vaccination, electronic reporting system for tuberculosis and free access to tuberculosis medication. Some of Iran neighboring countries such as Tajikistan and Pakistan have the highest incidence of tuberculosis which known as a challenge for tuberculosis control in Iran while Saudi Arabia and Turkey have the lowest incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tuberculosis In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tuberculosis In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effective Factors For Tuberculosis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Iran and Neighboring Countries

Tavakoli

2017

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Detection and characterization of mutations in genes related to isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Iran

et al. 2022

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Background The global rise in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ), and especially the significant prevalence of isoniazid (INH)-resistance constitute a significant challenge to global health. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate mutations in prevalent gene loci—involved in INH-resistance phenotype—among M.tb clinical isolates from southwestern Iran. Methods Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed using the conventional proportional method on confirmed 6620 M.tb clinical isolates, and in total, 15 INH-resistant and 18 INH-susceptible isolates were included in the study. Fragments of six genetic loci most related to INH-resistance ( katG , inhA promoter, furA , kasA , ndh , oxyR-ahpC intergenic region) were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Mutations were explored by pairwise alignment with the M.tb H37Rv genome. Results The analysis of gene loci revealed 13 distinct mutations in INH-resistant isolates. 60% (n = 9) of the INH-resistant isolates had mutations in katG , with codon 315 predominately (53.3%, n = 8). Mutation at InhA − 15 was found in 20% (n = 3) of resistant isolates. 26.7% (n = 4) of the INH-resistant isolates had kasA mutations, of which G269S substitution was the most common (20%, n = 3). The percentage of mutations in furA , oxyR-ahpC and ndh was 6.7% (n = 1), 46.7% (n = 7), and 20% (n = 3), respectively. Of the mutations detected in ndh and oxyR-ahpC , 5 were also observed in INH-susceptible isolates. This study revealed seven novel mutations, four of which were exclusively in resistant isolates. Conclusions This study supports the usefulness of katG and inhA mutations as a predictive molecular marker for INH resistance. Co-detection of katG S315 and inhA -15 mutations identified 73.3% (11 out of 15 isolates) of INH-resistant isolates.

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