Challenges, progress and prospects in solid state triplet fusion upconversion

Alves, Jessica; Feng, Jiale; Nienhaus, Lea; Schmidt, Timothy W.

doi:10.1039/d1tc05659j

Cited by 58 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…[22][23] However, realizing efficient solid-state TTA-UC materials face several challenges like aggregation-induced emission quenching, back energy transfer, triplet quenching by molecular oxygen, and lack of sensitizer-annihilator pairs with suitable triplet energies. 11,[24][25] These challenges have been addressed partly in many proofs-ofconcept solid-state green to blue TTA-UC systems. [24][25][26] However, practical applications demand an extension of the photon harvesting window to red or far-red/near-infrared photons (far-red/NIR), which is the key goal of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,[24][25] These challenges have been addressed partly in many proofs-ofconcept solid-state green to blue TTA-UC systems. [24][25][26] However, practical applications demand an extension of the photon harvesting window to red or far-red/near-infrared photons (far-red/NIR), which is the key goal of this work. 12,[20][21][22][23] Existing literature on solid-state red to blue molecular TTA-UC is limited to examples of chromophore doped synthetic polymeric films of polyurethanes, [27][28] methyl acrylate, 29 TTA-UC crystals (Φ UC = 5.6%), 30 and chromophores loaded into liquid nanocapsules dispersed in cross-linked cellulose nanofiber films with Φ UC = 8.2% in deaerated conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recyclable optical bioplastics platform for solid state red light harvestingviatriplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable optical bioplastics platform for solid state red light harvestingviatriplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion

et al. 2022

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“…As a new upconversion technology, TTA-UC developed rapidly in recent years. Many related issues have been widely investigated, such as how to improve upconversion efficiency [ 50 , 51 ], how to overcome oxygen quenching [ 52 , 53 ], and how to achieve solid-state applications [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Furthermore, a great many TTA-UC-based examples for practical applications have also emerged, including solar cells [ 59 , 60 ], bioimaging [ 61 , 62 ], circularly polarized luminescence [ 63 , 64 , 65 ], sensing [ 66 , 67 ], and photoreactions [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Photoreactions Triggered by Porphyrin-Based Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems: Molecular Innovations and Nanoarchitectonics

Yao¹,

Sun²,

He³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a very promising technology that could be used to convert low-energy photons to high-energy ones and has been proven to be of great value in various areas. Porphyrins have the characteristics of high molar absorbance, can form a complex with different metal ions and a high proportion of triplet states as well as tunable structures, and thus they are important sensitizers for TTA-UC. Porphyrin-based TTA-UC plays a pivotal role in the TTA-UC systems and has been widely used in many fields such as solar cells, sensing and circularly polarized luminescence. In recent years, applications of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoinduced reactions have emerged, but have been paid little attention. As a consequence, this review paid close attention to the recent advances in the photoreactions triggered by porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems. First of all, the photochemistry of porphyrin-based TTA-UC for chemical transformations, such as photoisomerization, photocatalytic synthesis, photopolymerization, photodegradation and photochemical/photoelectrochemical water splitting, was discussed in detail, which revealed the different mechanisms of TTA-UC and methods with which to carry out reasonable molecular innovations and nanoarchitectonics to solve the existing problems in practical application. Subsequently, photoreactions driven by porphyrin-based TTA-UC for biomedical applications were demonstrated. Finally, the future developments of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoreactions were briefly discussed.

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“…18,19 The challenges can be resolved by the realization of effective TET via close contact between chromophores in rigid matrices. 20,21 The blending of large quantities of chromophores into a polymer host is proposed to create a dense environment, resulting in promising performances (ΦUC > 10 %). 8 Nevertheless, these attractive approaches have been demonstrated in the conversion of photons within the visible (vis) range, whereas insufficient progress has been achieved in near infrared (NIR)-to-vis upconversion in polymeric materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency Near-Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Microporous Film

Mori

Mori²,

Saito³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) has received significant attention in energy harvesting applications such as solar cells. The realization of high UC performance in the form of films is a crucial factor for the incorporation of this technology into large-area devices. Herein, we propose a microporous UC film, prepared by a simple emulsification method with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution and a toluene solution of chromophores (rubrene/Pd-tetraphenyl-tetraanthraporphyrin pair), which achieved considerable UC performance in the near-infrared (NIR) (810 nm) to visible (560 nm) range with a maximum quantum yield of 7.3 % (out of 100 %) under an air atmosphere. Notably, the films displayed clear UC emission upon using an NIR light-emitting diode as a low-power-density non-coherent light source, which was confirmed by the naked eye. Excitation-power-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements showed almost identical triplet lifetimes of emitter species for the films and toluene solutions; however, smaller threshold intensities (Ith = 1–2 W/cm2) were observed for the films compared to those of the solutions (Ith = ~10 W/cm2). An evaluation of the remaining toluene in the film and UC emission behavior in liquid nitrogen suggested that the chromophores exist as an amorphous solid in the micropores, enabling hybrid triplet energy transfer (chromophore-mobility-based and exciton migration) in this unique film. The presented methodology can be generalized to other wavelengths and can enable diverse applications of TTA-UC technology.

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Challenges, progress and prospects in solid state triplet fusion upconversion

Abstract: Many applications, including solar energy conversion, can be enhanced by the upconversion of low energy photons. A flexible approach towards achieving this is by sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation, or triplet fusion....

Cited by 58 publications

References 160 publications

Recyclable optical bioplastics platform for solid state red light harvestingviatriplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion

Recyclable optical bioplastics platform for solid state red light harvestingviatriplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion

Recent Advances in the Photoreactions Triggered by Porphyrin-Based Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems: Molecular Innovations and Nanoarchitectonics

High-Efficiency Near-Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Microporous Film

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