Change of Heating Value, pH and FT-IR Spectra of Charcoal at Different Carbonization Temperatures

Kwon, Sung-Min; Jang, Jae‐Hyuk; Lee, Seung Hwan; Park, Sang‐Bum; Kim, Namhun

doi:10.5658/wood.2013.41.5.440

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…5a and b show that the underlying chemical structure of the firewood species and charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis of these species is very similar as spectrograms do not show significant differences as the tree species used for producing charcoal are the same firewood species. Different studies have also shown similar spectra for firewood species and charcoal [23,58]. Bands observed between 3900 and 3500 cm −1 are associated with O − H vibrations in hydroxyl groups due to the presence of phenolic groups [59].…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 59%

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Lubwama

Yiga

Ssempijja

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The main source of fuel for domestic cooking applications in Sub-Saharan Africa is either locally available firewood species or charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis of these species. However, very few studies exist that characterize and quantify physical properties, burning rates, peak temperatures, and calorific values of typical firewood species and resulting charcoal fuels produced by slow pyrolysis. This study evaluated the mechanical and thermal properties of firewood and charcoal from five tree species namely: Dichrostachys cinerea, Morus Lactea, Piliostigma thonningii, Combretum molle, and Albizia grandibracteata. Characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, bomb calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, bulk density measurements, and durability, water boiling and absorption tests. SEM images showed the development of macropores on charcoal after slow pyrolysis. Peak temperatures during firewood and charcoal combustion ranged between 515.5–621.8 °C and 741.6–785.9 °C, respectively. Maximum flame temperatures ranged between 786.9–870.8 °C for firewood and 634.4–737.3 °C for charcoal. Bulk densities and calorific values of charcoal species were higher than those for firewood species. Drop strengths for firewood were all 100% while for charcoal were between 93.7 and 100%. Water boiling tests indicated that firewood fuel performed better that charcoal fuel for low amounts of water due to higher maximum flame temperatures obtained during combustion of firewood.

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Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 59%

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Lubwama

Yiga

Ssempijja

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…5) in NIR spectra resulted in a diverse range of degradation parameters [16]. Kwon et al [41] commented that chemical and physical characteristics of wood components in cell walls can be easily changed by increasing carbonization temperature. Also, Davrieux et al [12] separated charcoal samples of Tabebuia serratifolia from Eucalyptus grandis by applying PCA and discriminant factorial analysis with NIR spectra in raw form.…”

Section: Near-infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Charcoal anatomy and NIR spectra of Spirostachys africana, Terminalia sp. and Colophospermum mopane in different carbonization process

et al. 2020

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In Mozambique, charcoal processes can result in several disturbances in natural forests. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of four carbonization methodologies on the anatomical characteristics and near infrared spectra of Spirostachys africana, Terminalia sp. and Colophospermum mopane, to contribute with information for an identification database for charcoal control. The carbonization was done in an electric muffle furnace with different final temperature (400/450 °C) and total time (40 min/2 h, 4 h, 6 h). The quantitative changes in anatomy of charcoal samples was not directly related to carbonization programs with respect to particular features of each species. Species are best distinguished for the NIR spectra in the region from 4000 to 5000 cm −1 . In the analysis by species, charcoal produced at 450 °C-4 h were more distinct in comparison to other programs that resulted in mixed samples. Final temperature influenced more than total process time in species distinction and the use of NIR is reinforced as a potential tool to discriminate species submitted to different carbonization processes. These traits can be applied in species discrimination based on databases of wood anatomical descriptions and charcoal NIR spectra.

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“…The pH values ranged from 9.45 to 9.77, which were slightly higher than the charcoal produced from the traditional kiln (Table 3). Kwon et al (2012Kwon et al ( , 2013 reported that the pH values of charcoal prepared from oak wood increased with increasing carbonization temperature, changing from acidic to basic. The pH change might be due to differences in the type and quantities of acidic and basic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride, lactone, lactol, and pyrone (Boehm 1994(Boehm , 2002.…”

Section: Comparison Of Physical Characteristics and Proximate Analysis Of Charcoal Produced Over One Year From Thermal Therapy Kilnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a modified charcoal production kiln for thermal therapy and evaluation of the charcoal characteristics from this kiln

Lee

Jeon

Kim

et al. 2019

BioRes

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A modified charcoal kiln was developed for both thermal therapy and charcoal production. The design of a modified kiln for thermal therapy focused on safety and cleanliness, plus the production of good quality charcoal. Two entrances in the kiln were designed for convenient charcoal production and thermal therapy. A barrier wall designed for noxious gases was installed between the adjoining charcoal kilns for safe thermal therapy. Additionally, a fine dust collector was installed to remove the fine dust generated during charcoal production. To verify the safety of the kiln, fine dust and harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and radon (Rn), were measured after the charring process. The quality of the charcoal produced in the thermal therapy kiln was also examined. To evaluate charcoal quality, some physical properties and results from a proximate analysis were evaluated using Korean standards. The measurements of harmful substances and fine dust in the modified charcoal kiln met the criterion of the Ministry of Environment Clean Air Conservation Act in Korea. In addition, there were no noticeable differences in the monthly charcoal characteristics prepared from the thermal therapy kiln, and the charcoal characteristics also met the reference values of the Korea Forest Service.

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Change of Heating Value, pH and FT-IR Spectra of Charcoal at Different Carbonization Temperatures

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Charcoal anatomy and NIR spectra of Spirostachys africana, Terminalia sp. and Colophospermum mopane in different carbonization process

Design of a modified charcoal production kiln for thermal therapy and evaluation of the charcoal characteristics from this kiln

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