Changes in Multidrug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria following an Intervention To Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Calves

Kaneene, John B.; Warnick, Lorin D.; Bolin, Carole A.; Erskine, Ronald J.; May, Katherine; Miller, R O

doi:10.1128/jcm.01939-09

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…influenced by co-selection due to linkage of resistance genes. But widespread resistance is fundamentally a consequence of historical and current use of antimicrobials and associations between use of antimicrobials and resistance in enteric E. coli of calves have been documented [19,20,22,[25][26][27][28]. However, in the present study resistance is not a direct sequel to antimicrobial use since no calf was treated prior to sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Although the total use of antimicrobials in the herds is unknown, the absence of association indicates that the high prevalence of resistance is not solely an effect of a direct selection pressure by use of antimicrobials to the calves. Importance of other aspects than antimicrobial use on prevalence of resistant E. coli in preweaned calves is indicated by several studies [17,[20][21][22]26,28,30] and was recently reviewed by Call et al [24]. One proposed factor is a linkage between resistance genes and genes conferring selective advantage to colonize the intestinal lumen of calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importance of other aspects than antimicrobial use on prevalence of resistant E. coli in preweaned calves is indicated by several studies [ 17 , 20 - 22 , 26 , 28 , 30 ] and was recently reviewed by Call et al [ 24 ]. One proposed factor is a linkage between resistance genes and genes conferring selective advantage to colonize the intestinal lumen of calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from swedish dairy calves

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn Sweden, knowledge about the role of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in neonatal calf diarrhea and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from young calves is largely unknown. This has therapeutic concern and such knowledge is also required for prudent use of antimicrobials.MethodsIn a case control study Esherichia coli isolated from faecal samples from dairy calves were phenotyped by biochemical fingerprinting and analyzed for virulence genes by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Farm management data were collected and Fisher's exact test and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsOf 95 E. coli tested for antimicrobial susceptibility 61% were resistant to one or more substances and 28% were multi-resistant. The virulence gene F5 (K99) was not found in any isolate. In total, 21 out of 40 of the investigated virulence genes were not detected or rarely detected. The virulence genes espP, irp, and fyuA were more common in resistant E. coli than in fully susceptible isolates (P < 0.05). The virulence gene terZ was associated with calf diarrhea (P ≤ 0.01).The participating 85 herds had a median herd size of 80 lactating cows. Herds with calf diarrhea problems were larger (> 55 cows; P < 0.001), had higher calf mortality (P ≤ 0.01) and calf group feeders were more in use (P < 0.05), compared to herds without calf diarrhea problems.There was no association between calf diarrhea and diversity of enteric E. coli.ConclusionsAntimicrobial resistance was common in E. coli from pre-weaned dairy calves, occurring particularly in calves from herds experiencing calf diarrhea problems. The results indicate that more factors than use of antimicrobials influence the epidemiology of resistant E. coli.Enteropathogenic E. coli seems to be an uncommon cause of neonatal calf diarrhea in Swedish dairy herds. In practice, calf diarrhea should be regarded holistically in a context of infectious agents, calf immunity, management practices etc. We therefore advice against routine antimicrobial treatment and recommend that bacteriological cultures, followed by testing for antimicrobial susceptibility and for virulence factors, are used to guide decisions on such treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from swedish dairy calves

et al. 2012

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“…Svensson et al (2003) suggested that this could be occurring because calves in group pens better meet their social and emotional needs and drink their milk in a more natural way (Svensson et al, 2003). This may be relevant to the selection of resistance in IP calves, because diarrhea in calves has previously been associated with identification of antimicrobial drug resistance (Orden et al, 2000; Kaneene et al, 2009). A study by de Verdier et al (2012) evaluated the relationship between occurrence of diarrhea and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal E. coli .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preweaned dairy calf housing system on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli

Pereira

Siler

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Group housing of preweaned dairy calves is a growing practice in the United States. The objective of this practice is to increase the average daily gain of calves in a healthy and humane environment while reducing labor requirements. However, feeding protocols, commingling of calves, and occurrence of disease in different calf-housing systems may affect the prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the effect of a group pen-housing system and individual pen-housing system on antimicrobial resistance trends in fecal Escherichia coli of preweaned dairy calves and on the prevalence of environmental Salmonella. Twelve farms from central New York participated in the study: 6 farms using an individual pen-housing system (IP), and 6 farms using a group pen-housing system (GP). A maximum of 3 fecal E. coli isolates per calf was tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial drugs using a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. Calves in GP had a significantly higher proportion of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, whereas calves in IP had a significantly higher proportion of E. coli resistant to ampicillin, ceftiofur, gentamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Calf-housing system had an effect on resistance to individual antimicrobial drugs in E. coli, but no clear-cut advantage to either system was noted with regard to overall resistance frequency. No outstanding difference in the richness and diversity of resistant phenotypes was observed between the 2 calf-housing systems.

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“…The U.S. FDA’s Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) is a network of veterinary diagnostic laboratories that investigates potential animal food or drug related issues 19 . In August 2020, an Inter-Laboratory Comparison Exercise Round 1 (ILC1) was collaboratively conducted by FDA and other organizations to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR detection methods used by veterinary diagnostic laboratories 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Second round of the interlaboratory comparison (ILC) exercise of SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection assays being used by 45 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the US

Deng¹,

Uhlig²,

Goodman

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a continued public health challenge across the world. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the U.S. use real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for animal testing, and many are certified for testing human samples, so ensuring laboratories have sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 testing methods is a critical component of the pandemic response. In 2020, the FDA Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) led the first round of an Inter-Laboratory Comparison (ILC) Exercise to help laboratories evaluate their existing real-time RT-PCR methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The ILC1 results indicated that all participating laboratories were able to detect the viral RNA spiked in buffer and PrimeStore molecular transport medium (MTM). The current ILC (ILC2) aimed to extend ILC1 by evaluating analytical sensitivity and specificity of the methods used by participating laboratories to detect three SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1, B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.351 (Beta)). ILC2 samples were prepared with RNA at levels between 10 to 10,000 copies per 50 microliters MTM. Fifty-seven sets of results from 45 laboratories were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed according to the principles of ISO 16140-2:2016. The results showed that over 95% of analysts detected the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in MTM at 500 copies or higher for all three variants. In addition, 81% and 92% of the analysts achieved a Level of Detection (LOD95eff. vol.) below 20 copies in the assays with nucleocapsid markers N1 and N2, respectively. The analytical specificity of the evaluated methods was over 99%. The study allowed participating laboratories to assess their current method performance, identify possible limitations, and recognize method strengths as part of a continuous learning environment to support the critical need for reliable diagnosis of COVID-19 in potentially infected animals and humans.

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Changes in Multidrug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria following an Intervention To Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Calves

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from swedish dairy calves

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from swedish dairy calves

Effect of preweaned dairy calf housing system on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli

Second round of the interlaboratory comparison (ILC) exercise of SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection assays being used by 45 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the US

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