Changes in muscle force–length properties affect the early rise of force in vivo

Blazevich, Anthony J.; Cannavan, Dale; Horne, Sara; Coleman, David R.; Aagaard, Per

doi:10.1002/mus.21259

Cited by 78 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Peak active plantar flexor joint moments (MVC strength) and RFD were calculated using methods similar to those described previously (1,10). MVC was taken as the highest point of the moment-time curve obtained at each of the five angles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range of motion, neuromechanical, and architectural adaptations to plantar flexor stretch training in humans

Blazevich

Cannavan

Waugh

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

107

118

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Blazevich AJ, Cannavan D, Waugh CM, Miller SC, Thorlund JB, Aagaard P, Kay AD. Range of motion, neuromechanical, and architectural adaptations to plantar flexor stretch training in humans. 117: 452-462, 2014. First published June 19, 2014 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00204.2014.-The neuromuscular adaptations in response to muscle stretch training have not been clearly described. In the present study, changes in muscle (at fascicular and whole muscle levels) and tendon mechanics, muscle activity, and spinal motoneuron excitability were examined during standardized plantar flexor stretches after 3 wk of twice daily stretch training (4 ϫ 30 s). No changes were observed in a nonexercising control group (n ϭ 9), however stretch training elicited a 19.9% increase in dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and a 28% increase in passive joint moment at end ROM (n ϭ 12). Only a trend toward a decrease in passive plantar flexor moment during stretch (Ϫ9.9%; P ϭ 0.15) was observed, and no changes in electromyographic amplitudes during ROM or at end ROM were detected. Decreases in H max:Mmax (tibial nerve stimulation) were observed at plantar flexed (gastrocnemius medialis and soleus) and neutral (soleus only) joint angles, but not with the ankle dorsiflexed. Muscle and fascicle strain increased (12 vs. 23%) along with a decrease in muscle stiffness (Ϫ18%) during stretch to a constant target joint angle. Muscle length at end ROM increased (13%) without a change in fascicle length, fascicle rotation, tendon elongation, or tendon stiffness following training. A lack of change in maximum voluntary contraction moment and rate of force development at any joint angle was taken to indicate a lack of change in series compliance of the muscle-tendon unit. Thus, increases in end ROM were underpinned by increases in maximum tolerable passive joint moment (stretch tolerance) and both muscle and fascicle elongation rather than changes in volitional muscle activation or motoneuron pool excitability. J Appl Physiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range of motion, neuromechanical, and architectural adaptations to plantar flexor stretch training in humans

Blazevich

Cannavan

Waugh

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

107

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the assessment of VL architecture, participants laid supine with their knees fully extended and their muscles relaxed. A mark was drawn at 50% of the distance from the central palpable point of the greater trochanter to the lateral condyle of the femur [16]. For the measurement of GM architecture, participants lay prone with their knees fully extended, their feet hanging off the edge of the medical bed, and were asked to leave their feet rested and their muscles relaxed so that ankle angle was in a physiological position.…”

Section: Muscle Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle architectural characteristics, fascicle length, pennation angle, and muscle thickness, may also influence RDF [2,14,16]. Previous studies indicate that pennation angle and muscle thickness seems to affect late RFD [2,14,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Lean Body Mass for the Rate of Force Development in Taekwondo Athletes and Track and Field Throwers

Kavvoura

Zaras

Stasinaki

et al. 2018

JFMK

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Abstract:The rate of force development (RFD) is vital for power athletes. Lean body mass (LBM) is considered to be an essential contributor to RFD, nevertheless high RFD may be achieved by athletes with either high or low LBM. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between lower-body LBM and RFD, and to compare RFD in taekwondo athletes and track and field (T&F) throwers, the latter having higher LBM when compared to taekwondo athletes. Nine taekwondo athletes and nine T&F throwers were evaluated for countermovement jumping, isometric leg press and leg extension RFD, vastus lateralis (VL), and medial gastrocnemius muscle architecture and body composition. Lower body LBM was correlated with RFD 0-250 ms (r = 0.81, p = 0.016). Taekwondo athletes had lower LBM and jumping power per LBM. RFD was similar between groups at 30-50 ms, but higher for throwers at 80-250 ms. RFD adjusted for VL thickness was higher in taekwondo athletes at 30 ms, but higher in throwers at 200-250 ms. These results suggest that lower body LBM is correlated with RFD in power trained athletes. RFD adjusted for VL thickness might be more relevant to evaluate in power athletes with low LBM, while late RFD might be more relevant to evaluate in athletes with higher LBM.

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“…11,76,101,145 Recent modeling suggests that a spine with large lordosis requires a greater follower load in the standing position than one with minimal lordosis. 130 Since muscle force is proportional to muscle volume, 7,33,61,94 increased lumbar lordosis requires larger extensor musculature to provide sufficient follower loads and sagittal stability. Previous studies showed the degree of lumbar lordosis correlated with extensor muscle volume 131 and extensor muscle strength, 178 while decreased extensor muscle volume correlated with back pain.…”

Section: Musculature and Lumbar Lordosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of lumbar lordosis and its pathophysiology: a review of the evolution of lumbar lordosis, and the mechanics and biology of lumbar degeneration

Sparrey

Bailey

Safaee

et al. 2014

FOC

100

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The goal of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of postural degeneration, particularly the loss of lumbar lordosis commonly observed in the elderly in the context of evolution, mechanical, and biological studies of the human spine and to synthesize recent research findings to clinical management of postural malalignment. Lumbar lordosis is unique to the human spine and is necessary to facilitate our upright posture. However, decreased lumbar lordosis and increased thoracic kyphosis are hallmarks of an aging human spinal column. The unique upright posture and lordotic lumbar curvature of the human spine suggest that an understanding of the evolution of the human spinal column, and the unique anatomical features that support lumbar lordosis may provide insight into spine health and degeneration. Considering evolution of the skeleton in isolation from other scientific studies provides a limited picture for clinicians. The evolution and development of human lumbar lordosis highlight the interdependence of pelvic structure and lumbar lordosis. Studies of fossils of human lineage demonstrate a convergence on the degree of lumbar lordosis and the number of lumbar vertebrae in modern Homo sapiens. Evolution and spine mechanics research show that lumbar lordosis is dictated by pelvic incidence, spinal musculature, vertebral wedging, and disc health. The evolution, mechanics, and biology research all point to the importance of spinal posture and flexibility in supporting optimal health. However, surgical management of postural deformity has focused on restoring posture at the expense of flexibility. It is possible that the need for complex and costly spinal fixation can be eliminated by developing tools for early identification of patients at risk for postural deformities through patient history (genetics, mechanics, and environmental exposure) and tracking postural changes over time.

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Changes in muscle force–length properties affect the early rise of force in vivo

Cited by 78 publications

References 34 publications

Range of motion, neuromechanical, and architectural adaptations to plantar flexor stretch training in humans

Range of motion, neuromechanical, and architectural adaptations to plantar flexor stretch training in humans

The Importance of Lean Body Mass for the Rate of Force Development in Taekwondo Athletes and Track and Field Throwers

Etiology of lumbar lordosis and its pathophysiology: a review of the evolution of lumbar lordosis, and the mechanics and biology of lumbar degeneration

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