Changes in Polyamine Biosynthesis Associated with Postfertilization Growth and Development in Tobacco Ovary Tissues

Slocum, Robert D.; Galston, Arthur W.

doi:10.1104/pp.79.2.336

Cited by 123 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…ADC activity is also present in tomato ovaries at a lower level than ODC and increases after pollination (Teitel et al, 1985). Data obtained in tobacco (Slocum and Galston, 1985) support the idea that ODC is the primary enzyme in the regulation of putrescine biosynthesis during initial fruit growth that is associated with cell division (Tiburcio et al, 1990).…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

et al. 1996

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Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) activity has been found in the ovaries and young fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Rutgers). Changes in arginase, arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1 9), and ornithine decarboxylase activity (EC 4.1 .I .17) and levels of free and conjugated putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were determined in unpollinated ovaries and in parthenocarpic fruits during the early stages of development induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or gibberellic acid (CA,). Levels of arginase, free spermine, and conjugates of the three polyamines were constant in unpollinated ovaries and characteristic of a presenescent step. A marked decrease in arginase activity, free spermine, and polyamine conjugates was associated with the initiation of fruit growth due to cell division, and when cell expansion was initiated, the absence of arginase indicated a redirection of nitrogen metabolism to the synthesis of arginine. A transient increase in arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase was also observed in 2,4-D-induced fruits. In general, 2,4-D treatments produced faster changes than CA,, and without treatment, unpollinated ovaries developed only slightly and senescence was hardly visible. Sensitivity to 2,4-D and CA, treatment remained for at least 2 weeks postanthesis.

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confidence: 66%

Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

et al. 1996

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“…Are they a storage form of PAs or are conjugates, in themselves, active? Slocum and Galston (28) suggested that there is only a limited exchange between free and conjugated PAs, at least in tobacco. However, Flores and Filner (12) suggested that the conjugation to cinnamic acids may be a way ofregulating the free PA pool in the cell.…”

Section: Analysis Of Hydroxycinnamoylputrescine Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amides formed between hydroxycinnamic acids and amines are widely distributed in the plant kingdom (9,20,21,28). They are detected in high amounts in flowering parts ofvarious plants and have been linked to the process offlower formation (for reviews, see refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship among free polyamines, hydroxycinnamoylputrescines, cell division, and root formation is discussed. (10,14,25) suggest that polyamines are involved in auxin-induced root formation, although their specific role has yet to be elucidated in order to establish a causal relationship.Amides formed between hydroxycinnamic acids and amines are widely distributed in the plant kingdom (9,20,21,28). They are detected in high amounts in flowering parts ofvarious plants and have been linked to the process offlower formation (for reviews, see refs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polyamines, Hydroxycinnamoylputrescines, and Root Formation in Leaf Explants of Tobacco Cultivated in Vitro

Burtin¹,

Martin-Tanguy²,

Paynot³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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In vitro formation of roots is obtained directly, without intermediate growth of callus, from foliar explants of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plant cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing IAA. Auxin-induced root formation was accompanied by significant changes in hydroxycinnamoylputrescine levels. Increasing levels were found in leaf explants during the first 14 days in culture; this was followed by a sharp decline after 20 days. Early changes in putrescine conjugates were detected in leaf explants before the visible appearance of roots. An early and transitory accumulation of hydroxycinnamoylputrescines was observed in the roots. Free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in leaf explants and roots were always at a low level and only small changes in their concentrations were observed, a-DL-difluoromethylarginine and a-DL-difluoromethylomithine, specific, irreversible inhibitors of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase, respectively, inhibited putrescine accumulation and root initiation and reduced the fresh and dry weights of leaf explants. These effects were reversed by free putrescine or hydroxycinnamoylputrescines. The results reported here suggest that hydroxycinnamoylputrescines are associated with root formation. The relationship among free polyamines, hydroxycinnamoylputrescines, cell division, and root formation is discussed. (10,14,25) suggest that polyamines are involved in auxin-induced root formation, although their specific role has yet to be elucidated in order to establish a causal relationship.Amides formed between hydroxycinnamic acids and amines are widely distributed in the plant kingdom (9,20,21,28). They are detected in high amounts in flowering parts ofvarious plants and have been linked to the process offlower formation (for reviews, see refs. 20 and 31). Other factors leading to an increase in conjugated polyamines are fungal and viral infections, (for reviews see refs. 20 and 31). Recent results (8,22) report that a change in morphology or growth of tobacco leaf explants in vitro is accompanied by changes in putrescine levels, and the largest changes occur in conjugated putrescine content specifically.Are polyamines and conjugated polyamines esssential for root formation, or are they simply secondary by-products of a growth response? One way to approach this question is by utilizing specific inhibitors of polyamine synthesis and then examining the physiological properties of tissues.Previous reports have shown that in tobacco plants putrescine is synthesized from arginine (by ADC' via agmatine) and ornithine (by ODC).This study reports results of DFMA, a specific enzymeactivated ADC inhibitor, and DFMO, a specific enzymeactivated ODC inhibitor, on organogenesis, growth, free polyamine, and conjugated polyamine (hydroxycinnamoylputrescine) levels of tobacco leaf explants cultivated in vitro in a medium that induces root formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological Material and Growth ConditionsNicotiana tabacum var Xanthi n.c. was utilized in ...

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“…The endogenous concentrations of polyamines (PAs) in plants are high in flowers (Applewhite et al 2000, Kakkar and Rai 1993, Rastogi and Sawhney 1990, Slocum and Galston 1985. In strawberry and chrysanthemum, PA conjugates accumulate upon the transformation of vegetative bud into a floral bud Martin-Tanguy 1994b, Tarenghi and, suggesting a regulatory function in plant development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines are involved in the gynogenesis process in onion

Geoffriau

Kahane

Martin-Tanguy

2006

Physiologia Plantarum

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Haploidization in onion (Allium cepa L.) using immature flower buds simulates zygotic embryogenesis with no fecundation. In order to know the involvement of polyamines (PAs) in this process, we determined the concentration of endogenous PAs in flower buds and experimented the addition of various combinations of PA molecules in the medium. At the inoculation stage, high levels of free and conjugated spermidine and low putrescine þ hydroxyputrescine/spermidine þ spermine ratio characterized the highest responsive varieties. During in vitro culture, high levels of putrescine and its derivatives characterized the lowest responsive varieties, whereas high levels of spermidine and spermine characterized responsive varieties. The putrescine þ hydroxyputrescine þ homospermidine/spermidine þ spermine ratio remained low in responsive varieties. The addition of spermidine or spermine (2 · 10 À3 M) to the culture medium improved significantly the embryo production. Our results suggest that the arginine decarboxylase pathway is involved in PA biosynthesis during the in vitro culture of flower buds. Our study showed that specific ratios of PAs are required for successful gynogenesis in onion.

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Changes in Polyamine Biosynthesis Associated with Postfertilization Growth and Development in Tobacco Ovary Tissues

Cited by 123 publications

References 17 publications

Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

Polyamines, Hydroxycinnamoylputrescines, and Root Formation in Leaf Explants of Tobacco Cultivated in Vitro

Polyamines are involved in the gynogenesis process in onion

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