Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) activity has been found in the ovaries and young fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Rutgers). Changes in arginase, arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1 9), and ornithine decarboxylase activity (EC 4.1 .I .17) and levels of free and conjugated putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were determined in unpollinated ovaries and in parthenocarpic fruits during the early stages of development induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or gibberellic acid (CA,). Levels of arginase, free spermine, and conjugates of the three polyamines were constant in unpollinated ovaries and characteristic of a presenescent step. A marked decrease in arginase activity, free spermine, and polyamine conjugates was associated with the initiation of fruit growth due to cell division, and when cell expansion was initiated, the absence of arginase indicated a redirection of nitrogen metabolism to the synthesis of arginine. A transient increase in arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase was also observed in 2,4-D-induced fruits. In general, 2,4-D treatments produced faster changes than CA,, and without treatment, unpollinated ovaries developed only slightly and senescence was hardly visible. Sensitivity to 2,4-D and CA, treatment remained for at least 2 weeks postanthesis.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de tres cepas de Pleurotus ostreatus y una de Agrocybe aegerita para colonizar la biomasa generada por las industrias jugueras (orujo) y comparar las curvas de crecimiento micelial. El aprovechamiento de estos residuos lignocelulósicos permitiría brindar opciones para la disposición final de esta biomasa residual. Como sustratos se emplearon dos tipos de orujos de pera, uno sometido a un tratamiento enzimático previo a la extracción de jugo y otro sin tratar. A. aegerita evidenció menor crecimiento que P. ostreatus en ambos sustratos, mientras que P. ostreatus presentó mejor desarrollo sobre el orujo con pretratamiento enzimático, comportamiento que podría estar relacionado con la composición química de los orujos de pera analizados.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la factibilidad de emplear orujo de pera como sustrato para el cultivo comercial de dos cepas de Pleurotus ostreatus (Pl-P y Pl-J) y analizar la variación de la composición química del orujo biodegradado. La cepa Pl-J presentó 98,3% de Eficiencia Biológica, 35% de Rendimiento y 45 días de Período Productivo, mientras que para Pl-P los valores fueron 62,3%, 21,8% y 35 días, respectivamente. La actividad metabólica de ambas cepas sobre el sustrato provocó una disminución relativa del contenido de materia seca y materia orgánica del 20 al 30% y de un 60% para los carbohidratos solubles. Al finalizar el Período Productivo, las fibras (FDN, FDA y LDA) disminuyeron 10 a 20% mientras que el contenido de proteína bruta no se modificó significativamente.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using pear pomace as a substrate for the commercial cultivation of two strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (Pl-P and Pl-J) and to analyze the variation of the chemical composition of the biodegraded pomace. The Pl-J strain presented 98,3% of Biological Efficiency, 35% of Yield and 45 days of Productive Period, while for Pl-P the values were 62,3%, 21,8% and 35 days respectively. The metabolic activity of both strains on the substrate led to a relative decrease in dry matter and organic matter content of 20 to 30%, and 60% for soluble carbohydrates. At the end of the Productive Period, the fibers (FDN, FDA and LDA) decreased 10 to 20% while the crude protein content was not significantly modified.
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