Changes in satiety hormones and expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in rats weaned onto diets high in fibre or protein reflect susceptibility to increased fat mass in adulthood

Abstract

Risk of developing obesity and diabetes may be influenced by the nutritional environment early in life. We examined the effects of high fibre or protein diets on satiety hormones and genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism during postnatal development and on adult fat mass. At 21 days of age, Wistar rat pups were weaned onto control (C), high fibre (HF) or high protein (HP) diet. Tissue and blood were collected at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after birth. A second group of rats consumed the weaning diets until 4 months when they were switched to a high fat-high sugar diet for 6 weeks, after which body and fat mass and plasma glucose were determined. In young rats, HF diet increased plasma glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) compared to C and HP and decreased leptin compared to C at postnatal days 28 and 35. Hepatic fatty acid synthase mRNA was down-regulated by HF and HP compared to C at days 28 and 35. In brown adipose tissue, HF increased uncoupling protein-3 mRNA whereas HP increased mRNA of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Body weight, fat mass and glycaemia in adult males and fat mass in females were greater after the high fat challenge in rats that consumed the HP diet from weaning. Increasing fibre or protein in postnatal diets causes rapid change in satiety hormone secretion and genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism which appear to influence fat mass and glycaemia in adulthood, high protein being associated with increased susceptibility to obesity.

High-fat, sucrose diet impairs geometrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone in mice

“…C t values were transformed into fold change. The mRNA expression, measured in arbitrary units, of the target gene relative to the control was determined using the 2 2C t method (29) .…”

Evaluation of Prebiotic Effects of High-Purity Galactooligosaccharides in vitro and in vivo

“…Results were normalized to a validated control gene, β-actin, using the ΔΔCt method (19). Using primers to interrogate proglucagon and PYY, RT-PCR was performed by a method reported previously (20). The following primers were used for GLP-1 and PYY: proglucagon (NM-012707.…”

Nutritional modulation of gut microbiota in the context of obesity and insulin resistance: Potential interest of prebiotics

“…The ingestion of prebiotics has been shown to increase the number of L cells in the proximal colon of rats (Cani, Hoste, Guiot, & Delzenne, 2007b). The resulting increase in portal GLP-1 allows this peptide to regulate food intake and glucose homeostasis (Cani, et al, 2006b;Maurer, Chen, McPherson, & Reimer, 2009;Urias-Silvas et al, 2008). On the other hand, the increase in GLP-2 contributes to the improvement of gut barrier function and to the decrease in endotoxemia in obese mice .…”