Nutritional modulation of gut microbiota in the context of obesity and insulin resistance: Potential interest of prebiotics

Delzenne, Nathalie M.; Cani, Patrice D.

doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.11.006

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In obese animals, the dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans boosts the number of bifidobacteria in the cecum, as well as the production of hormones secreted by host gut endocrine L cells, including peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1 and GLP-2) [13,24,50,51]. The production of GLP-1 is namely responsible for the improvement of hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis, for the decrease in blood glucose, and for the maintenance of satiety level in obese mice or rats [50].…”

Section: The Gut Microbiota: a Novel Target In The Nutritional Contromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in LPS concentrations occurs in obese and diabetic animals, but also in humans [13]. In fact, the endotoxemia remains quite modest (the concentration of LPS is approximately doubled in obesity), but when reproduced by chronic injection of exogenous LPS, is able to reproduce the loss of insulin sensitivity present in the obese mice [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbiota and the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

2011

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Several reviews recently explored how the gut microbiota was able to control host energy metabolism, and thereby the development of adiposity. In this review, we focused on the state of the art that supports a link between the gut microbiota composition and activity, and the management of glycemia associated with overweight and diabetes. Several microbial-derived compounds are related to disturbances of glucose homeostasis including the gramnegative-derived lipopolysaccharides. Some nutrients with prebiotic properties, which escape the digestion in the upper part of the gut, modify the composition of the gut microbiota in favor of bacteria that could play a beneficial role on glucose homeostasis, namely by modulating the endocrine function of the gut, and by reinforcing the gut barrier. Adequate intervention studies in diabetic patients are required to assess the relevance of those experimental data for human health.

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Section: The Gut Microbiota: a Novel Target In The Nutritional Contromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

2011

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“…This mechanism is associated with the ability of soluble fibers to form viscous solutions that prolong gastric emptying, consequently inhibiting the transport of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol across the intestine [70][71][72]. Recently, it was observed that both soluble and insoluble DFs also modifies carbohydrate metabolism by influencing the expression of hormones such as glucose-dependent insulin tropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1, that stimulate postprandial insulin release, enhance glucose tolerance, and delay gastric emptying [73][74][75][76].…”

Section: Fiber Carbohydrate Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fiber and Availability of Nutrients: A Case Study on Yoghurt as a Food Model

Staffolo¹,

Bevilacqua²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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“…Increasing evidence linking gut flora to human health and diseases have inspired further research regarding the possible link between gut flora and obesity, which has led to the notion that prebiotics could be harnessed as potential therapeutic agents or management tools to prevent and treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome [4,5,7,20,52]. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases [86,87].…”

Section: Obesity and The Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently it has also been recognized that this dynamic yet stable ecosystem plays a role in conditions such as obesity and diabetes as well as in general well-being, from infancy to ageing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Consequently, an increasing number of studies which explore the potential of promoting health by nutrition focuses on possible ways to influence and modulate the composition and activity of the gut flora towards a healthier one [4,[9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%