Changes in the concentration of metabolites in milk from cows fed on diets supplemented with soyabean oil or fatty acids

Faulkner, Anne; Pollock, Helen T.

doi:10.1017/s002202990002639x

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Faulkner, 1980;Faulkner and Pollack, 1989;Hurtaud et al, 1998 and2000;Rigout et al, 2002 and2003); in fairly good agreement with the present enzymatic-fluorometric determination, that is, mean 81 µM (P 1 to P 99 interpercentile = 5 to 330 µM, n = 3233).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Marschke and Kitchen (1984) found from 20 to 570 µM (mean 220 µM; n = 188) glucose after centrifugation and precipitation of samples. Lemosquet et al (2004) found on average 480 to 580 µM; Rigout et al (2002) 430 to 570 µM; Hurtaud et al (1998 and2000) reported 720 to 830 µM and 510 to 650 µM, respectively; and Faulkner and Pollack (1989) 350 to 580 µM. Most of these studies are based on a relatively limited number of analyses and animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Larsen

Moyes

2015

Animal

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A total of 3200 milk samples from Holstein and Jersey cows were analysed for free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) by an enzymatic-fluorometric method that requires no pre-treatment. The cows were primiparous as well as multiparous, and samples were taken throughout the entire lactation period. In addition, lactose, protein, fat, citrate and β-hydroxybutyrate were determined and comparisons between these variables were made. Data were analysed using GLM model for the effect of parity, breed, time from last milking and stage of lactation on variations in parameters in milk. Pearson's correlations were generated between milk variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Concentration of free glucose and G6P were on average 331 and 81 μM, respectively. Time from last milking (stay in the gland cistern) did not increase the concentration of these monosaccharides, indicating that they are not hydrolysis product from lactose post secretion, but rather reflecting the energy status of the mammary epithelial cells pre-secretion. Wide variation in range of these metabolites, that is, from 90 to 630 μM and 5 to 324 μM, for glucose and G6P, respectively, was observed. During the first 21 weeks in milk, free glucose increased whereas G6P decreased. Concentration of free glucose in milk is greater for primiparous than multiparous cows and greater for Holstein than Jersey cows. Concentration of G6P was not affected by parity or breed. The use of free glucose and G6P as indicators of physiological conditions and risk of disease is warranted for use as potential biomarkers for in-line surveillance systems on-farm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Larsen

Moyes

2015

Animal

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“…Contrary to previous results using sheep at a similar stage of lactation (e.g. Faulkner & Pollock, 1989;Faulkner & Martin, 1999), we found no reduction in peripheral resting insulin levels in the lactating animals, although this is in agreement with the findings of Vernon et al (1990) that lactation had no effect on pre-infusion levels of insulin in sheep. Ultimately, these differences in insulin levels found amongst the published studies in sheep comparing lactating and control animals may reflect varying levels of nutrition since this is thought to be a major factor in determining sensitivity to insulin (Metcalf & Weekes, 1990).…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 84%

Intravenous Magnesium Reduces the Rate of Glucose Disposal in Lactating Sheep

Gow

Mitchell

Wait

2003

Experimental Physiology

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Magnesium deficiency is generally associated with an impaired ability to dispose of glucose. In order to test whether or not increasing the peripheral free Mg concentration ([Mg 2+ ]) would enhance glucose disposal, we have carried out glucose infusions in sheep with and without simultaneous infusion of Mg. Basal plasma glucose levels were higher in lactating sheep ('lactators') than in non-lactating sheep (controls) (P < 0.05). The glucose disposal rate (K G ) with no added Mg was greater in lactators than controls (P < 0.05). When Mg was added to the infusate, K G in lactators was reduced (P < 0.005). Infusion of Mg depressed basal insulin levels in controls and lactators (P < 0.0001 for both). The insulin response to the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was lower in lactators compared with controls (P < 0.0001); however, after correcting for the reduced basal insulin level when Mg was included during the IVGTT, there was no difference between the two groups. We conclude that intravenous Mg at the doses used in this study leads to a decrease in basal insulin secretion, and that increasing serum

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“…A significant increase in citrate was also observed in goat's milk during 48 h of starvation (Chaiyabutr et al, 1981). The citrate content of milk is affected by the activity of the fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland (Faulkner and Clapperton, 1981; Faulkner and Pollock, 1989). The synthesis of fatty acids in the mammary gland needs NADPH, which is produced when citrate is metabolized to α ‐ketoglutarate via isocitrate (Kirst et al, 1995).…”

Section: Feed Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation and the Effect of Feed Restriction on Plasma and Milk Metabolites in TMR‐fed Dairy Cows

Nielsen¹,

Ingvartsen²,

Larsen³

2003

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The objective was to study the diurnal variation in metabolites in plasma and milk of dairy cows fed total mixed rations (TMR) with a low-energy (LE) or high-energy content (HE) expected to give a minor and a major diurnal variation, respectively. Further, the purpose was to quantify and compare the responses in plasma and milk parameters when cows changed from ad libitum to restrictive feeding. Eight multiparous, early-lactating Danish Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design with two consecutive 14-day periods. Blood and milk samples were collected hourly on day 11 of each period and on days 12-14 of each period, the cows were fed restrictively (65% of ad libitum dry-matter intake). The concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in plasma was significantly higher in the evening for cows fed the HE TMR, than for cows fed the LE TMR. There was a significant diurnal variation in BHB in milk, with the highest concentrations between milkings and the lowest concentrations at milking. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma showed significant diurnal variation that was caused by high concentrations in the morning. Plasma glucose did not show any diurnal variation. It has been argued that feeding a TMR removes diurnal changes related to feeding, which is contrary to earlier diurnal studies where concentrates have been fed twice daily. Feed restriction increased (P < 0.001) NEFA and BHB in plasma by 121 and 90%, respectively, while the glucose concentration decreased (P < 0.001) by 19%. Milk concentrations of BHB, citrate and fat increased (P < 0.001) by 163, 11 and 26%, respectively, because of feed restriction, while there were no changes in milk protein and lactose. The relatively high increase in BHB during feed restriction suggests that BHB is more advantageous as a milk indicator of metabolic status in dairy cows than citrate and fat.

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Changes in the concentration of metabolites in milk from cows fed on diets supplemented with soyabean oil or fatty acids

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Intravenous Magnesium Reduces the Rate of Glucose Disposal in Lactating Sheep

Diurnal Variation and the Effect of Feed Restriction on Plasma and Milk Metabolites in TMR‐fed Dairy Cows

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