Changes in the salivary microbiota of oral leukoplakia and oral cancer

Hu, Xiaosheng; Zhang, Qian; Hua, Hong; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.03.007

Cited by 63 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, the synergism between conventional risks factors and microorganisms via aldehyde production has been described for esophageal cancer (Peng et al 2016). Although a few studies have found similar levels of Streptococcus and Neisseria (Hu et al 2016) in healthy subjects and OSCC patients, we hypothesize that their levels are a bigger challenge for FA patients, considering their deficiency in DNA repair mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Salivary Microbiome and Oral Cancer Risk: A Pilot Study in Fanconi Anemia

et al. 2016

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Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by chromosomal instability and impaired DNA damage repair. FA patients develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) earlier and more frequently than the general population, especially after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although evidence of an etiological role of the local microbiome and carcinogenesis has been mounting, no information exists regarding the oral microbiome of FA patients. The aim of this study was to explore the salivary microbiome of 61 FA patients regarding their oral health status and OSCC risk factors. After answering a questionnaire and receiving clinical examination, saliva samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. The microbial profiles associated with medical and clinical parameters were analyzed using general linear models. Patients were young (mean age, 22 y) and most had received HSCT (n = 53). The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes [mean relative abundance (SD), 42.1% (10.1%)] and Bacteroidetes [(25.4% (11.4%)]. A history of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (n = 27) was associated with higher proportions of Firmicutes (43.8% × 38.5%, P = 0.05). High levels of gingival bleeding were associated with the genera Prevotella (22.25% × 20%), Streptococcus (19.83% × 17.61%), Porphyromonas (3.63% × 1.42%, P = 0.03), Treponema (1.02% × 0.28%, P = 0.009), Parvimonas (0.28% × 0.07%, P = 0.02) and Dialister (0.27% × 0.10%, P = 0.04). Finally, participants transplanted over 11 y ago showed the highest levels of Streptococcus (18.4%), Haemophilus (12.7%) and Neisseria (6.8%). In conclusion, FA patients that showed poor oral hygiene harbored higher proportions of the genera of bacteria compatible with gingival disease. Specific microbial differences were associated with a history of oral GVHD and a history of oral mucositis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Salivary Microbiome and Oral Cancer Risk: A Pilot Study in Fanconi Anemia

et al. 2016

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“…Twenty‐three non‐specific sequence‐based identification studies of the microbiota were included, 14 of which were published in 2017–2018 (Table ) (Al‐Hebshi, Nasher, Idris, & Chen, ; Al‐Hebshi et al., ; Bebek et al., ; Börnigen et al., ; Guerrero‐Preston et al., , ; Hayes et al., ; Hooper et al., ; Hu, Zhang, Hua, & Chen, ; Lee et al., ; Li et al., ; Mukherjee et al., ; Perera et al., , ; Pushalkar et al., , ; Schmidt et al., ; Shin et al., ; Wang et al., ; Wolf et al., ;Yang, Huang et al., ; Yang, Yeh et al., ; Zhao et al., ). Twenty‐one studies focused on bacterial identification (all by 16S rRNA gene regions), one of which also identified fungi (ITS2 gene fragment), one only fungi, and one was restricted to viral identification (human rRNA detection followed by search for viral sequences).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders

et al. 2019

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Objective The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the oral microbiome as a focus area. Part 1 presents the methodological state of the science for oral microbiome studies. Part 2 was guided by the question: What is currently known about the microbiome associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa? Materials and Methods A scoping review methodology was followed to identify and analyse relevant studies on the composition and potential functions of the oral microbiota using high‐throughput sequencing techniques. The authors performed searches in PubMed and EMBASE. After removal of duplicates, a total of 239 potentially studies were identified. Results Twenty‐three studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma, two on oral leukoplakia and four on oral lichen planus were included with substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sample type, region sequenced and sequencing method utilised. The majority of studies focused on bacterial identification and recorded statistically significant differences in the oral microbiota associated with health and disease. However, even when comparing studies of similar methodology, the microbial differences between health and disease varied considerably. No consensus on the composition of the microbiomes associated with these conditions on genus and species level could be obtained. Six studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma had included in silico predicted microbial functions (genes and/or pathways) and found some similarities between the studies. Conclusions Attempts to reveal the microbiome associated with oral mucosal diseases are still in its infancy, and the studies demonstrate significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity across disease categories. The immense richness and diversity of the microbiota clearly illustrate that there is a need for additional methodologically comparable studies utilising deep sequencing approaches in significant cohorts of subjects together with functional analyses. Our hope is that following the recipe as outlined in our preceding companion paper, that is Part 1, will enhance achieving this in the future and elucidate the role of the oral microbiome in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa.

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“…32 Therefore, combining the knowledge that the presence of host CD24 modulates microbial activity in the oral cavity, and that patients with oral cancer have dysbiosis, it is possible that disruption of the CD24-oral microbiome axis alters cancer development. 33,34 Zhang et al 35 demonstrated that probiotic L. salivarius REN treatment significantly damped 4-NQO-induced oral cancer development in rats; however, the significance of the oral microbiome in 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis has never been addressed in mouse models. Further, due to the known role of bacteria-produced sialidase in disrupting the CD24-Siglec-G/10 connection, we investigated if CD24 deficiency alters intra-oral microflora in a manner that may contribute to oral carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Oral Microbiota Do Not Influence 4-nqo-induced Oral Cancer Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD24 blunts oral squamous cancer development and dampens the functional expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells

et al. 2016

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CD24 expression has been implicated in the oncogenesis of multiple types of cancer and high tumor expression is considered a poor prognosis factor; however, the role of CD24 in oral cancer progression is unknown. Unlike other cancer types, we found that higher CD24 levels in human oral cancers are correlated to lower clinical stage and better overall survival. We then dissected the role of CD24 and mechanisms in oral cancer pathogenesis in mice using a genetic strategy and demonstrated that CD24 deficiency increased the oral cavity tumor burden in response to the carcinogen 4-nitroquioline 1-oxide (4-NQO). Immune profile analysis showed a significant expansion as well as increased suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in CD24 ¡/¡ mice, but no apparent impairment in T cells, B cells, or dendritic cells. Further, studies with an orthotopically transplanted syngeneic squamous carcinoma model in the tongue of CD24 ¡/¡ and CD24 C/¡ mice confirmed the protective roles of CD24 against cancer. Moreover, the difference in tumor growth between CD24 ¡/¡ and CD24 C/¡ mice was blunted by immunodepletion of MDSCs. We conclude that CD24 expression impedes MDSC expansion and function, and thus slows oral cancer oncogenesis. This study is the first to examine the role of CD24 in a de novo oral cancer model, and it highlights the need to consider the immune regulatory roles of CD24 in the development of CD24-targeted therapy for cancer.

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Changes in the salivary microbiota of oral leukoplakia and oral cancer

Cited by 63 publications

References 9 publications

The Salivary Microbiome and Oral Cancer Risk: A Pilot Study in Fanconi Anemia

The Salivary Microbiome and Oral Cancer Risk: A Pilot Study in Fanconi Anemia

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders

CD24 blunts oral squamous cancer development and dampens the functional expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells

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