Changes in visual sensitivity with age in rats with heredity retinal degeneration

Trejo, Leonard J.; Cicerone, Carol M.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(87)90007-1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These results suggest that, at later stages of retinal degeneration, the RCS rats lose vision due to photoreceptor degeneration. Our findings agree with previous reports regarding the time course of visual loss in the RCS rat [24,25,26,27,28]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Light-Evoked Currents in Retinal Ganglion Cells from Dystrophic RCS Rats

Liu

Wang²,

Yin³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: To study the electrophysiological properties of the light-evoked currents in ganglion cells in situations of retinal degeneration. Methods: We investigated light-evoked currents in ganglion cells by performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from ganglion cells using a retina-stretched preparation from Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, a model of retinal degeneration and congenic controls at different ages. Pharmacological inhibitors of the AMPA receptor (NBQX), GABA receptor (BMI), and sodium channels (TTX) were used to identify the components of the light-evoked currents in ON, OFF and ON-OFF retinal ganglion cells. Results: We found that the light-evoked currents in ganglion cells from control rats were inhibited by NBQX, BMI and TTX, suggesting that AMPA receptors, GABA receptors and sodium channels contribute to these currents in ganglion cells. However, only AMPA receptor-mediated currents were recorded in RCS rats. Light-evoked inward currents were absent in the majority of ganglion cells from RCS rats, particularly at the later stages of retinal degeneration. At earlier stages of retinal degeneration, we found that both the timing and amplitude of light-evoked currents are significantly different in ganglion cells from RCS and control rats. Conclusions: Our study furthers the understanding of the electrophysiological characteristics of retinal ganglion cells during retinal degeneration, and provides insight into the optimal timing for the treatment of retinal degeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Light-Evoked Currents in Retinal Ganglion Cells from Dystrophic RCS Rats

Liu

Wang²,

Yin³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmic Res

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“…Since this is not the first time that absolute threshold has been measured behaviorally in rats (Silver, 1967;Muntz, 1967;Birch & Jacobs, 1975;Trejo & Cicerone, 1987;Kurylo et al, 1991), it is of interest to know what others have found. Unfortunately, other studies have not directly compared albino and pigmented animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, differences in the state of adaptation, in the spatial, temporal, and chromatic parameters of the stimuli and in how the visual stimuli were quantified make comparisons between studies problematic. The two most relevant of these (Trejo & Cicerone, 1987;Kurylo et al, 1991) used 500nm monochromatic stimuli and stated the threshold in terms of flux density at the cornea. As best as we can estimate, these thresholds correspond to -5.9 log (scotopic) cd/m 2 for albino animals (Trejo & Cicerone, 1987) and -4.35 log (scotopic) cd/m 2 for pigmented animals (Kurylo et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two most relevant of these (Trejo & Cicerone, 1987;Kurylo et al, 1991) used 500nm monochromatic stimuli and stated the threshold in terms of flux density at the cornea. As best as we can estimate, these thresholds correspond to -5.9 log (scotopic) cd/m 2 for albino animals (Trejo & Cicerone, 1987) and -4.35 log (scotopic) cd/m 2 for pigmented animals (Kurylo et al, 1991). The agreement of the threshold values, particularly for the albino animals, is reassuring given the possible differences in the behavioral tasks and the series of approximations and assumptions involved in arriving at these numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral estimates of absolute threshold in rat

1994

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Dark-adapted thresholds of albino and pigmented rats were estimated using behavioral methods. Albino and pigmented rats who had been water deprived learned to bar press for water reinforcement when a light stimulus was presented. Absolute threshold was defined to be the light intensity at which bar pressing behavior was significantly modified by the presence of the light stimulus. Albino rats had an average threshold of −5.23 log cd/m2 and the pigmented rats had a threshold of −5.0 log cd/m2. These values are close to −5.3 log cd/m2, the psychophysical threshold of human observers in the same apparatus. Consistent with our earlier electrophysiology, these behavioral experiments provide no evidence for an albino/pigmented sensitivity difference. Comparisons are made between behavioral and electrophysiological determinations of absolute threshold in albino and pigmented rats. Thresholds determined behaviorally agree remarkably well with those derived from visual evoked potentials.

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“…A popular model of RP used to examine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction is the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat, which has been used extensively for functional, anatomical, and therapeutic studies. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that the RCS rat undergoes a progressive decay of photoreceptors and subsequent loss of visual function (DiLoreto et al, 1996; LaVail et al, 1975; McGill et al, 2004; McGill et al, 2007a; Mullen and LaVail, 1976; Perlman, 1978; Trejo and Cicerone, 1987). Although the RCS rat is a useful model for such studies, the patient population affected with the same MERTK gene mutation is relatively small, which limits the translation of research findings to clinical application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomotor and immunohistochemical changes in the juvenile S334ter rat

McGill

Prusky

Luna

et al. 2012

Experimental Eye Research

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The aim of this study was to examine the temporal relationship between behaviorally measured visual thresholds, photoreceptor degeneration and dysfunction, synaptic and neuronal morphology changes in the retina in the S334ter line 4 rat. Specifically, we examined the optokinetic tracking (OKT) behavior in S334ter rats daily and found that OKT thresholds reflected normal values at eye-opening but quickly reduced to a non-response level by postnatal day (P) 22. By contrast, the scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) showed a much slower degeneration, with substantial scotopic function remaining after P90 as previously demonstrated for this line of rats. Photopic b-wave amplitudes revealed functional levels between 70 and 100% of normal between P30 and P90. Histological evidence demonstrated that photoreceptor degeneration occurred over many months, with an outer nuclear layer (ONL) roughly half the thickness of a normal age-matched control at P90. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a number of changes in retinal morphology in the Tg S334ter line 4 rat that occur at or before P40 including: elevated levels of rod opsin expression in the ONL, cone photoreceptor morphology changes, glial cell activation, inner retinal neuron sprouting, and microglial cell activation. Many of these changes were evident at P30 and in some cases as early as eye opening (P15). Thus, the morphological changes occurred in concert with or before the very rapid loss of the behavioral (OKT) responses, and significantly before the loss of photoreceptors and photoreceptor function.

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Changes in visual sensitivity with age in rats with heredity retinal degeneration

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Light-Evoked Currents in Retinal Ganglion Cells from Dystrophic RCS Rats

Light-Evoked Currents in Retinal Ganglion Cells from Dystrophic RCS Rats

Behavioral estimates of absolute threshold in rat

Optomotor and immunohistochemical changes in the juvenile S334ter rat

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