Changes of the postcentral cortex in irritable bowel syndrome patients

Nan, Jiaofen; Yang, Wenya; Meng, Panting; Huang, Wei; Zheng, Qian; Xia, Yongquan; F, Liu

doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00087-7

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the ample body of brain imaging findings points to the presence of differences between IBS patients and healthy controls, primarily in brain regions associated to stress [ 49 ], visceral stimulation [ 50 ], sensory integration [ 51 , 52 ], affective processing [ 53 ], cognitive/executive functions [ 51 ], and somatic pain [ 54 ]. Most of these findings indicate a greater engagement of regions associated with emotional processing, such as hypothalamus, amygdala, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula [ 49 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], owing to the emotional component of pain and other associated symptoms of IBS, including anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Cognition and Neurology In Irritable Bowel Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Depression, and Neurodegeneration: A Bidirectional Communication from Gut to Brain

et al. 2021

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Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are increasingly presenting with a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as deterioration in gastroenteric physiology, including visceral hypersensitivity, altered intestinal membrane permeability, and gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. Functional imaging of IBS patients has revealed several abnormalities in various brain regions, such as significant activation of amygdala, thinning of insular and anterior cingulate cortex, and increase in hypothalamic gray matter, which results in poor psychiatric and cognitive outcomes. Interrelations between the enteric and central events in IBS-related gastrointestinal, neurological, and psychiatric pathologies have compelled researchers to study the gut−brain axis—a bidirectional communication that maintains the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal and central nervous system with gut microbiota as the protagonist. Thus, it can be disrupted by any alteration owing to the gut dysbiosis or loss of diversity in microbial composition. Available evidence indicates that the use of probiotics as a part of a balanced diet is effective in the management of IBS and IBS-associated neurodegenerative and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we delineate the pathogenesis and complications of IBS from gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric standpoints while also discussing the neurodegenerative events in enteric and central nervous systems of IBS patients and the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-based therapy established on clinical and preclinical data.

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Section: Cognition and Neurology In Irritable Bowel Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Depression, and Neurodegeneration: A Bidirectional Communication from Gut to Brain

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, functional connectivity (FC), which is used to assess brain activity synchronization between any set of brain areas, was reported to be increased in the insular cortex in our previous study on trigeminal neuralgia ( 9 ). The combination of ALFF, ReHo, and FC was also used to explore the brain activity of migraine ( 10 ), visceral pain ( 11 ), and other types of pain. However, the signature of activation may vary with the different types of nociceptive stimulation ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered brain functional activity and connectivity in bone metastasis pain of lung cancer patients: A preliminary resting-state fMRI study

et al. 2022

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Bone metastasis pain (BMP) is one of the most prevalent symptoms among cancer survivors. The present study aims to explore the brain functional activity and connectivity patterns in BMP of lung cancer patients preliminarily. Thirty BMP patients and 33 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age and sex were recruited from inpatients and communities, respectively. All participants underwent fMRI data acquisition and pain assessment. Low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were applied to evaluate brain functional activity. Then, functional connectivity (FC) was calculated for the ALFF- and ReHo-identified seed brain regions. A two-sample t-test or Manny–Whitney U-test was applied to compare demographic and neuropsychological data as well as the neuroimaging indices according to the data distribution. A correlation analysis was conducted to explore the potential relationships between neuroimaging indices and pain intensity. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to assess the classification performance of neuroimaging indices in discriminating individual subjects between the BMP patients and HCs. No significant intergroup differences in demographic and neuropsychological data were noted. BMP patients showed reduced ALFF and ReHo largely in the prefrontal cortex and increased ReHo in the bilateral thalamus and left fusiform gyrus. The lower FC was found within the prefrontal cortex. No significant correlation between the neuroimaging indices and pain intensity was observed. The neuroimaging indices showed satisfactory classification performance between the BMP patients and HCs, and the combined ALFF and ReHo showed a better accuracy rate (93.7%) than individual indices. In conclusion, altered brain functional activity and connectivity in the prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and thalamus may be associated with the neuropathology of BMP and may represent a potential biomarker for classifying BMP patients and healthy controls.

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“…12 HC (n=21 females) IBS (n=32 girls) HC (n=26 girls) MRI -lower GM volume in the thalamus, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, aMCC, and dlPFC relative to controls -reduced functional connectivity between aMCC and precuneus, increased functional connectivity between caudate nucleus and precentral gyrus than controls 133IBS (n=65) HC (n=21) fMRI Reduced association between S1 activation, and increased association between S2 activation, with the gut microbe Lachnispiracea incertae sedis and rectal pain threshold in patients with IBS versus controls -both Clostridium XIVa and Coprococcus demonstrate several indirect associations between visceral sensation and connectivity in subcortical regions in controls, but not patients with IBS 134IBS (n=46) HC (n=60) MRI -increased ReHo in postecentral gyrus relative to controls -increased functional connectivity of the poCC and the insula, precentral cortex, and supplementary motor area -global differences in neural organization; higher clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and local and global efficiency relative to controls (135) CD (n=54) HC (n=100) MRI -Significantly more patients with CD had cerebral T2 white matter hyper intensities relative to controls; patients with lesions were older than those without (136) CD (n=43, remission) HC (n=37) rs-fMRI -patients with CD displayed disruption and dysfunction in subcortical, sensorimotor, cognitive control, and default-mode neural networks -patients with CD had reduced superior temporal gyrus-precuneus connectivity, supplementary motor area-superior frontal gyrus connectivity, and connectivity between the putamen and insula, superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, supramarginal and aMCC, in addition to reduced connectivity between the aMCC-insula, supplementary motor area, thalamus, and precuneus -Those patients with CD with higher levels of depression and/or anxiety displayed altered topographical patterns associated with the ACC, mPFC, and PCC relative to other patients with CD rs-fMRI -lower ALFF in HPC and paraHPC relative to controls -higher ALFF in PCC, middle frontal gyrus -increased FC between HPC/paraHPC and middle frontal gyrus, ACC, and caudate nucleus relative to controls -increased FC between PCC and MCC and angular gyrus, reduced FC between PCC and inferior occipital gyrus -increased FC between middle frontal gyrus and brainstem, inferior parietal lobe, and superior frontal gyrus relative to controls -working memory test negatively correlated with reduced ALFF of HPC/paraHPC, and increased FC between HPP/paraHPC and caudate nucleus in UC patients -Stroop test RT positively correlated with increased ALFF of PCC, and negatively correlated with increased FC between HPC/paraHPC and ACC in UC patients -alerting effect of attention network task positively correlated with ALLF of PCC, negatively correlated with increased FC between PCC, negatively correlated with increased FC strength between PCC and AUG (? )in UC patients -PSS positively correlated with increased FC strength between PCC and MCC in UC patients -SDS and SAS scores negatively correlated with increased FC strength between MFG and IPL in UC patients (37) CD (n=18, in remission) HC (n=18) sMRI -decreased GM volumes in frontal cortex and anterior midcingulate cortex relative to controls -disease duration negatively correlated with GM volumes in various regions (left precentral gyrus, bilateral middle and superior frontal gyrus, sACC, pMCC, PCC, parahippocampal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus)…”

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confidence: 97%

Neuroinflammatory Remodeling of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Key Driver of Mood Disorders in Gastrointestinal Disease and Disorders

Matisz¹,

Gruber²

2020

Preprint

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The brain reciprocally communicates with the rest of the body via neural, endocrine, immune, and other systems. This is crucial for coordinating the complex behavioral and physiological responses needed to cope with the many challenges of life. The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) is a key brain structure involved in assessing rewards and threats, as well as activating appropriate responses. This is a dynamic process that depends on evolving needs and challenges. Important challenges include illness or injury. These typically involve inflammation and pain, which evoke neuroinflammatory processes in the brain to drive sickness behaviours. In the short term, sickness behaviours are considered adaptive, as they promote convalescence (e.g. low mood; lethargy, fatigue, social withdrawal), and enhanced threat appraisal (e.g. anxiety) to combat increased risk/vulnerability associated with sickness. Chronic inflammation, however, appears to remodel the system to inappropriately activate threat-coping responses, resulting in depressive and/or anxious phenotypes. These mood disorders are particularly pronounced in diseases and disorders associated with gut dysfunction, which feature chronic inflammation and altered ACC function. We propose that chronic inflammation remodels ACC physiology such that it errantly predicts heightened danger based on a mental model (a.k.a ‘schema’) of the world. This evokes chronic activation of threat-coping systems, including endocrine signaling (e.g. adrenaline), and anxiety. Inflammation can be driven by brain systems involving ACC, leading to a feedback-cycle that self-reinforces pathological states. This theory accounts for a wealth of clinical and preclinical data that implicate the ACC in disorders of mood and gastrointestinal function, and reveals a key player in the gut-brain axis that may represent a novel therapeutic target.

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Changes of the postcentral cortex in irritable bowel syndrome patients

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Depression, and Neurodegeneration: A Bidirectional Communication from Gut to Brain

Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Depression, and Neurodegeneration: A Bidirectional Communication from Gut to Brain

Altered brain functional activity and connectivity in bone metastasis pain of lung cancer patients: A preliminary resting-state fMRI study

Neuroinflammatory Remodeling of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Key Driver of Mood Disorders in Gastrointestinal Disease and Disorders

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