Changes of Vital Parameters after Administration of Butorphanol during Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia for Joint Surgery in Miniature Pigs

Abstract

The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine (TKX) anaesthesia. A total of 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals -BUT (anaesthetized with TKX combination and butorphanol) and CON (control group -anaesthetized with TKX combination only). All pigs were sedated with a mix of tiletamin-zolazepam-ketamin-xylazin, put into total anaesthesia using propofol, and connected to an anaesthesiology unit (O 2 -Air). For 40 min we logged the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), haemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SpO 2 ) and end-tidal CO 2 concentration (ETCO 2 ) values. Ten minutes after connecting to the devices, the pigs in the BUT group were intravenously administered butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) in the total volume of 2 ml, or physiological saline in the same volume. The pigs in the BUT group had a lower (p < 0.

Antagonistic effect of atipamezole, flumazenil and naloxone following anaesthesia with xylazine, tramadol and tiletamine/zolazepam combinations in pigs

“…More recently, opioid analgesics have been shown to enhance the effects of tiletamine/zolazepam in swine (Selmi et al. 2003; Raušer et al. 2008; Ajadi et al.…”

“…However, in pigs this combination is associated with adverse effects including agitation and uncoordinated head and leg movements (Selmi et al 2003). More recently, opioid analgesics have been shown to enhance the effects of tiletamine/zolazepam in swine (Selmi et al 2003;Raušer et al 2008;Ajadi et al 2009). Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, structurally related to codeine and morphine and exerts its action through interactions with opioid, serotonin and adrenergic receptors (Scott & Perry 2000).…”

Anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary effects of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol and its effects on nitric oxide, plasma endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 in miniature pigs

“…Tiletamine-zolazepam administered intramuscularly (i.m.) has been reported to induce immobilization but not analgesia or muscle relaxation in pigs (Kim et al 2007;Raušer et al 2008). An α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist, xylazine, has been combined with tiletaminezolazepam to increase its anaesthetic and analgesic effects in pigs (Sweitzer et al 1997).…”

Effects of tramadol with tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine as anaesthesia in cats

“…Tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) has been used in veterinary medicine to facilitate handling of animals, especially TZ which has been used alone or in combination with other anaesthetic agents (Selmi et al 2003;Aydilek 2007;Raušer et al 2008). Xylazine (X), an α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist, has been combined with tiletamine-zolazepam to increase its anaesthetic and analgesic effects and to reduce the dose of tiletamine-zolazepam required to induce satisfactory anaesthesia.…”