Changing epidemiology of chronic kidney disease as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2017: Estimates from Global Burden of Disease 2017

Abstract

Aims/Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Optimal healthcare planning requires an understanding of how the burden of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus has changed over time and geographic location, as well as the potential roles of sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors in these changes. Materials and Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional and national levels to investigate changes in the incidence, death and disability‐adjusted life years of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus, incorporating both epidemiological research and risk factor monitoring. Results The incident cases of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide in 2017 had increased by 74% compared with 1990; total disability‐adjusted life years had increased by 113%, mainly attributable to population expansion and demographic transition. The Sociodemographic Index was significantly and negatively correlated with overall CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus burden. However, in 82 countries and territories, the burden was not alleviated in parallel with socioeconomic development. Conclusions CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been the main contributor to the increasing burden of CKD over the past several decades. We suggest a more pragmatic approach focusing on early diagnosis, primary care and adequate follow up to reduce mortality and the long‐term burden in low‐to‐middle Sociodemographic Index regions. Interventions should address high systolic blood pressure, as well as overweight and obesity problems, especially in high‐income regions.

Changing epidemiology of calcific aortic valve disease: 30-year trends of incidence, prevalence, and deaths across 204 countries and territories

“…We performed a decomposition analysis to investigate the influences of population growth, population aging, and changes in epidemiology on the variation in CAVD incidence between 1990 and 2019, as follows: by (i) calculating incident cases predicted in a scenario with the age structure in 2019 and without population growth since 1990; and (ii) calculating the incident cases predicted in another scenario with the age structure in 1990 and presuming the same population growth to 2019 [ 48 ].…”

Local cyclic adenosine monophosphate signalling cascades—Roles and targets in chronic kidney disease

“…14,15,235 The number of DM type 2-associated CKD cases increased worldwide from 1.4 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2017. 236 Around 25% of patients with DM are affected by diabetic nephropathy. 237 Diabetic nephropathy depends on characteristic glomerular changes with Kimmelstiel-Wilson bodies and mesangial expansion, is associated with the disruption of the glomerular barrier permeability, albuminuria and a reduced GFR, 238 and it is the leading cause of CKD and ESRD.…”

“…DM type 2 alone affects more than 400 million people 14,15,235 . The number of DM type 2‐associated CKD cases increased worldwide from 1.4 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2017 236 . Around 25% of patients with DM are affected by diabetic nephropathy 237 .…”

Association of MMP-9 polymorphisms with diabetic nephropathy risk

“…[ 6 , 7 ] The incident cases of chronic kidney disease due to T2DM worldwide in 2017 had increased by 74% compared to 1990; total disability-adjusted life years had increased by 113%. [ 8 ] Most notably, most of the excess risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality for patients with diabetes is associated with the existence of DN. [ 9 ] Every year, management of DN is related to huge long-term health care costs in most countries.…”