Channel Measurement and Characterization for HSR U-Shape Groove Scenarios at 2.35 GHz

Channel Measurements and Models for High-Speed Train Communication Systems: A Survey

“…Both observations are physically meaningful considering that the increase of the height of the BS and the viaduct over the surrounding obstacles will lead to a clear LoS and reduce the impact of these scatterers on the received signal. The measurements of HST channels in cutting scenarios reported in [69], [70], [72], [73] have demonstrated the impact of the cutting structure on the estimated PLs, i.e., the depth of the cutting and the widths of the top and bottom. A shallow cutting, or low cutting, will lead to a strong LoS condition while deep cutting will lead to a large PL exponent due to the reflections from the cuttings' slopes.…”

“…The Ricean K-factor is a very important parameter in link budget and channel modeling. Therefore, many papers presented the estimation of K-factors in different scenarios, e.g., open space [47], viaduct [51], [53], [54], [62]- [65], cutting [69]- [73], and hilly terrain [75]. The previous discussions of the dominance of the LoS component, the breakpoint distance, and the impact of the viaduct and cutting structure are also related to the K-factor.…”

“…Correspondingly, all of the aforementioned measurements were for narrowband channels with bandwidth of 200 kHz. Wideband channel measurements with higher bandwidths, i.e., 10-100 MHz, and higher carrier frequencies, i.e., 2.1-5.2 GHz, were reported in [42], [44]- [47], [62], [63], [73]- [75], [78], [89]- [91].…”

“…HST channel models in the literature can be categorized as large-scale fading models [35], [44], [45], [52], [56]- [58], [62], [65], [69], [70], [73], [75], i.e., PL and shadowing, and small scale-fading models [17], [34], [35], [95], [96], [98], [99], [101]- [105], [109]- [111]. The state-of-the-art of HST channel models has not been investigated yet.…”

Shadow Fading Correlation in High-Speed Railway Environments

“…In [18]- [21], the standard deviation of shadow fading in HSR viaduct environments was analyzed at 930 MHz, 2.35 GHz, and 2.6 GHz, respectively. In [22], [23], the standard deviation of shadow fading in HSR cutting environments was analyzed at 930 MHz and 2.35 GHz, respectively, and the impact of structure of cutting on shadow fading was modeled. In [26], cutting in HSRs was considered as an open area and the shadow fading was analyzed.…”