Chapter 18 Transdifferentiation Occurs Continuously in Adult Hydra

Bode, Hans R.; Dunne, John F.; Heimfeld, Shelly; Huang, Lydia W.; Javois, Lorette C.; Koizumi, Osamu; Westerfield, John; Yaross, Marcia S.

doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60668-7

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Labeling with different monoclonal antibodies or antibodies raised against different Hydra neuropeptides identified distinct subsets of neurons with specific regional distributions, dependent on axial position (Koizumi andBode, 1986, 1991;Koizumi et al, 2004). A remarkable feature of the net is, in fact, its plasticity: neurons are continually migrating to be eliminated at the apical and basal ends of the polyp together with the adjacent epithelia (Dunne et al, 1985;Bode et al, 1986), thus implying that extensive synapse remodeling must occur in physiological conditions. Furthermore, though Hydra polyps have no recognizable organs, a detailed ultrastructural analysis of the epithelial cells of the tentacles, the battery cells, showed that these cells enclose in their cytoplasm sensory and ganglion neurons as well as myonemes and different types of nematocytes, anchored by gap and septate junctions respectively (Hufnagel et al, 1985).…”

Section: The Nervous Net Of Hydra: Anatomy Ultrastructure and Physiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) has been a choice experimental model for studies of regeneration, morphogenesis, and development since Trembley's pioneer experiments in 1744 (Tardent, 1963;Gierer, 1977;Bode and David, 1978;Bode et al, 1986). Modern research focuses on the gene families regulating axial patterning, stem cell biology and neurogenesis (Galliot and Schmid, 2002;Holstein et al, 2003;Galliot et al, 2009Galliot et al, , 2011; the recent publication of the genomes of Nematostella vectensis (Putnam et al, 2007) and Hydra magnipapillata (Chapman et al, 2010) now adds a basic framework for a comparative approach to the evolution of regulated developmental genetic programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Pierobon

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Cnidarians lack well developed organs, but they have evolved the molecular and cellular components needed to assemble a nervous system. The apparent 'simplicity' of the cnidarian nervous net does not occur at the cellular level, but rather in the organisation of conducting systems. Cnidarian neurons are in fact electrically excitable, show the typical extended morphology and are connected by chemical synapses or gap junctions. They have been regarded as peptidergic, given the wealth of neuropeptides generally distributed along neurites and in cell bodies, supporting the hypothesis of a modulatory role in neurotransmission. However, the presence of clear-cored, as well as dense-cored synaptic vesicles in cnidarian neurons suggests both fast and slow synaptic transmission mechanisms. In fact, biochemical and functional evidence indicates that classical neurotransmitters and their metabolic partners are present in cnidarian tissues, where they are involved in coordinating motility and behavior. We have identified and characterized in Hydra tissues receptors to the inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, GABA, glycine and NMDA, that are similar to mammalian ionotropic receptors in terms of their biochemical and pharmacological properties. These receptors appear to regulate pacemaker activities and their physiological correlates; in the live animal, they also affect feeding behavior, namely the duration and termination of the response elicited by reduced glutathione, with opposite actions of GABA and glycine or NMDA, respectively. These results suggest that modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated-ion channels is an ancient characteristic in the animal kingdom, and that the pharmacological properties of these receptors have been highly conserved during evolution.

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Section: The Nervous Net Of Hydra: Anatomy Ultrastructure and Physiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Pierobon

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…The Hydra polyp, as any other animal body, may be considered an "ecological landscape" that harbors different ecosystems and meta-communities 33 with environmental characteristics such as dispersal barriers likely to affect the localization of host-associated every 3.5 d. [22][23][24] As a result of this extensive cell turnover, Hydra has an extensive regenerative capacity.…”

Section: Where Do the Hydra-associated Microbes Live?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding complex host-microbe interactions in Hydra

Bosch

2012

Gut Microbes

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“…Because the processes of the neurons are intertwined among the epithelial cells, each neuron is displaced toward an extremity along with the epithelial cells. Consequently, neurons are continuously lost with the epithelial tissue by sloughing at the extremities or into buds as shown in figure 4 Bode et al, 1986Bode et al, , 1988Bode, 1992]. How is the location and relatively complex structure of the nerve ring maintained in the context of continuous tissue displacement?…”

Section: Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve Ring of the Hypostome in Hydra: Is It an Origin of the Central Nervous System of Bilaterian Animals?

Koizumi¹

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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A hypothesis, ‘the nerve ring in hydra shares a common origin with the central nervous system in bilaterian animals’, is discussed in this review. The nerve ring of hydra is a ring of neurons whose neurites make a bundle running circumferentially around the hypostome just above the tentacle zone. This nervous structure has unique features in the hydra nervous system. It shows a tight association of neurons in contrast to the diffuse nerve net seen in other regions. It shows static developmental characters in contrast to the dynamic features of hydra nerve net present in other regions. Moreover, its structure and location are similar to the central nervous system (CNS) of other animals without a complex CNS such as nematodes and starfishes. Functions of the hydra nerve ring are also studied to test the hypothesis. The identified function is a crumpling of the tentacles, corresponding to the function of the inner nerve ring of hydrozoan jellyfish. The jellyfish nerve ring is considered to be a primitive central nervous system of radiates. Considering all the information available, the hypothesis is highly possible.

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Chapter 18 Transdifferentiation Occurs Continuously in Adult Hydra

Cited by 49 publications

References 38 publications

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Understanding complex host-microbe interactions in Hydra

Nerve Ring of the Hypostome in Hydra: Is It an Origin of the Central Nervous System of Bilaterian Animals?

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