Chapter 7: Measurement of plasma parameters

Diagnostics, ITER Physics Expert Group on; Editors, ITER Physics Basis

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/39/12/307

Cited by 48 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…To date, several generations of such facilities of various sizes and equipment have already been created, a lot of experience has been accumulated, which is expressed, inter alia, in the formulation of a number of problems that need to be solved in the preparation for the design of reactors of subsequent generations. Unlike the previous ones, the experimental ITER reactor [15,[135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147] is planned already as a prototype of an industrial power engineering facility, although, of course, in the process of its creation a number of issues still need to be resolved, the answers to which were not given in the previous experiments. We will touch on the issue of purity of the plasma.…”

Section: Methods Of Measurements Of Small Particle Concentrations In Facilities Simulating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recombination radiation turns out to be one of the important (if not the most important, along with the removal of energy by neutrons) mechanisms for cooling the plasma contaminated with impurities. The power Р rad of recombination radiation for ions with a charge Z is expressed by the formula [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147] (29)…”

Section: Methods Of Measurements Of Small Particle Concentrations In Facilities Simulating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The planned plasma confinement time of 10 s at the discharge duration of 400-3000 s sets the required high-speed performance. An important condition is to find places (localization) of the particle penetration into the chamber from the first wall (680 m 2 , 480 blanket modules in ITER [135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143]). Taken together, this makes the diagnostics problem very complex, which has no known analogues.…”

Section: Preceding Ongoing and Required Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral Methods of Control of Impurities, Their Flows and Localization in an Equilibrium Low-Temperature Plasma of Low Pressure

2020

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The state-of-art of studies of processes involving small fractions of particles formed as a result of chemical transformations of the source gas or appearing from the outside as an impurity is discussed. Various high-sensitivity methods for measuring the low concentrations of particles are considered. The main focus is on spectral methods, both classical and laser ones. The main modern fields of the application of non-equilibrium plasma, features, and achievements of the diagnostic tools used in them are highlighted. The emphasis is on spectroscopic studies of plasma purity in the low-temperature near-wall layers of thermonuclear reactors. In this case, the issue of the penetration of water molecules into the plasma chamber from the cooling circuits is of particular importance. In view of the limited accessibility to the reactors, new remote versions of spectral emission methods are being developed that are focused on the diagnostics of the ITER near-wall plasma. A new method of multispectral optical actinometry is discussed, in which intermediate chemically unstable particles can play the role of actinometers. This broadens the range of possibilities for quantitative measurements of concentrations of particles of different kinds, and increases the sensitivity. Effective actinometric pairs were found for the objects under consideration, e.g., hydrogen and deuterium atoms. The schemes are worked out on laboratory facilities, and kinetic models of plasma-chemical processes are developed. Scaling of the results of model experiments makes it possible to predict the measurement of the impurity flows at the level (10–9–10–13) Pa m3 s–1 with the localization of sources determined by the spatial resolution of the optical system.

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Section: Methods Of Measurements Of Small Particle Concentrations In Facilities Simulating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Measurements Of Small Particle Concentrations In Facilities Simulating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preceding Ongoing and Required Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral Methods of Control of Impurities, Their Flows and Localization in an Equilibrium Low-Temperature Plasma of Low Pressure

2020

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“…Under BPX conditions additional parameters become important such as localization of α-particle generation, their density as well as neutron emission profiles and related spectra. Generally diagnostics must provide conditions to sustain burn at a controlled fusion power level [14,16,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Diagnostics To Keep Plasma Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics for steady state plasmas

Hartfuß¹,

König²,

Werner³

2006

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Problems related to the development of diagnostics for steady state fusion plasma experiments are being discussed. The paper concentrates on those necessities already appearing in nowadays non-burning plasma fusion experiments when extending pulse lengths beyond 10 s, i.e. thermal load, erosion, deposition, and long-time signal integration in magnetic diagnostics. Problems arising from high power ECRH under conditions of incomplete absorption are outlined. Individual standard diagnostic systems are discussed to identify their specific problems as well as the opportunities connected with long pulse operation. Burning plasma experiments characterized by intense n-and g-radiation are briefly reviewed for reasons of completeness, dealing with radiation induced processes in windows, fibres, cables, and mirrors. Methods of data handling, real time monitoring, and plasma control are outlined. Index

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“…The ITER Core Plasma Thomson Scattering (CPTS) system is a primary diagnostic for the electron temperature (𝑇 𝑒 ) and electron density (𝑛 𝑒 ) profiles [1]. During later operational phases with a high-performance DT burning plasma, core 𝑇 𝑒 will be well above 20 keV, possibly reaching 40 keV [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design study of the collection optics for Polarimetric Thomson Scattering on ITER

Den Hartog,

Thomas

2023

J. Inst.

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The ITER Core Plasma Thomson Scattering (CPTS) system is the primary diagnostic for the electron temperature (Te ) and electron density (ne ) profiles. For high performance ITER operating scenarios in which core Te > 20 keV, the conventional spectral CPTS will not provide measurement accuracy sufficient for advanced machine control. Addition of polarimetric measurement capability to the CPTS diagnostic is projected to increase measurement accuracy in high temperature/low density plasmas to required levels. To determine the feasibility of Polarimetric TS implementation on ITER, the polarization characteristics of the CPTS scattered light collection system have been modeled as part of a conceptual design study. When linearly polarized light is propagated through the CPTS collections optics, polarization is rotated and ellipticized. This characteristic of the ITER collection optical system complicates separation and analysis of the depolarized component of the Thomson scattered light that is produced at high Te . To address this challenge, a custom waveplate and polarizing beamsplitter should be mounted before the final lens in the CPTS collection optical system. Additionally, polarization performance should be one of the criteria by which materials and coatings are selected for the CPTS collection optical system.

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Chapter 7: Measurement of plasma parameters

Cited by 48 publications

References 105 publications

Spectral Methods of Control of Impurities, Their Flows and Localization in an Equilibrium Low-Temperature Plasma of Low Pressure

Spectral Methods of Control of Impurities, Their Flows and Localization in an Equilibrium Low-Temperature Plasma of Low Pressure

Diagnostics for steady state plasmas

Design study of the collection optics for Polarimetric Thomson Scattering on ITER

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