Char-forming behavior of nanofibrillated cellulose treated with glycidyl phenyl POSS

Fox, Douglas M.; Lee, Jieun; Zammarano, Mauro; Katsoulis, Dimitris E.; Eldred, Donald V.; Haverhals, Luke M.; Trulove, Paul C.; Long, Hugh C. De; Gilman, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.015

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The increase of the residue at 700 • C with 100% for the BC-APS and BC-VS confirms the efficiency of the silane treatments and the chemical modification of BC, which was also highlighted by FTIR and XPS results. Correlating the better thermal stability with the higher char residue obtained in the case of silanes treated BC, it may be supposed that a charred layer rich in Si and C was formed on the surface of BC nanofibers protecting them from further degradation, as in the case of nanofibrillated cellulose treated with other silicon compounds [40].…”

Section: Caracterization Of Bc-phbv Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Treatment of Bacterial Cellulose in Mild, Eco-Friendly Conditions

et al. 2018

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Bacterial cellulose (BC) with increased hydrophobicity is required for several applications including packaging. Surface functionalization of BC may provide good resistance to moisture, increased barrier properties or improved compatibility to polymer matrices. For this purpose, chemical grafting of BC in mild, eco-friendly conditions was carried out using different agents. BC membranes were surface functionalized with vinyl-triethoxy silane (VS) or 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS), by acylation and acrylation. The efficiency of the surface treatments was highlighted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, by contact angle measurements and by dynamic mechanical analysis. The morphological investigation by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed an increased compactness for surface functionalized BC, which correlated well with the different increase of the contact angle. BC treated with APS and VS showed more than a twofold increase in contact angle value. Similarly, the crystallinity degree was reduced to 69.6% and 72.9% after APS and VS treatments as compared with 84.1% for untreated BC, confirming the grafting reaction and the decrease in hydrogen bonding. All the applied treatments delayed the degradation of BC. However, the highest increase in thermal stability was observed for silanes treated membranes. Effective, eco-friendly methods for improving the surface hydrophobicity of bacterial cellulose for food packaging were proposed in this study.

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Section: Caracterization Of Bc-phbv Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Treatment of Bacterial Cellulose in Mild, Eco-Friendly Conditions

et al. 2018

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“…Conventional cellulose dust is combustible at 240°C, 28 and an experimental deflagration index (Kst) of 229 29 demonstrates that tested CN also meets the GHS classification of a Strong Explosive. 32 Refer to Fox et al 33 for further published work on comparative studies of modified and unmodified nanofibrillated cellulose thermal analyses. 31 Cellulose, in conventional form, is considered highly flammable.…”

Section: Hazard Identification and Physico-chemical Characteristics Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanomaterials: life cycle risk assessment, and environmental health and safety roadmap

Shatkin

Kim

2015

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) derived from wood fibers are renewable materials with wide applicability for use in consumer products as bio-based composite materials and have the potential to replace petroleumbased materials in many existing and novel applications. Because their nanoscale features may impart novel chemical properties and behaviors, it is necessary to address the environmental and safety aspects of CNs to ensure safety in commercial applications, before wide introduction into society. NANO LCRA, a proposed life cycle risk assessment framework, was used for pre-commercial screening of selected applications of CN as a method for systematically identifying and assessing potential risks of CN from occupational, consumer and environmental exposures throughout the product life cycle. The analysis identifies potential exposure scenarios, evaluates toxicity and assesses the adequacy of available data to characterize risk, highlighting data needs and gaps that must be filled to reduce current uncertainty about CN safety. The analysis revealed that occupational inhalation exposure associated with handling CN as a dry powder was the highest priority data gap including the challenge of quantitative measurement for exposure assessment, followed by gaps in knowledge about the toxicity of CN in consumer use products, such as packaging, particularly for food contact. The NANO LCRA findings were then organized into a roadmap for filling key data gaps to allow safety and sustainability assessment that prioritizes data needs according to risk significance to ensure that uncertainty about the CN safety does not interfere with the commercialization of products to market.Environ. Sci.: Nano This journal is

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“…Lignocellulosic materials have rapidly become a popular material and research field, driven by their many benefits including renewability, sustainability, recyclability, low cost and biodegradability [1]. Within this class of natural materials, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is among the most studied and most promising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%