Characterisation of a new bioadhesive system based on polysaccharides with the potential to be used as bone glue

Abstract

Although gluing bone is in theory a very attractive alternative to classical fracture treatment, this method is not yet clinically established due to the lack of an adhesive which would meet all the necessary requirements. We therefore developed a novel two-component bioadhesive system with the potential to be used as a bone adhesive based on biocompatible and degradable biopolymers (chitosan, oxidised dextran or starch). After mixing in water, the two components covalently cross-link by forming a Schiff's base. By the same mechanism, the glue binds to any other exposed amino group such as for example those exposed in fractured bone, even in the presence of water. Modified chitosan was synthesised from commercially available chitosan by deacetylation and was then reduced in molecular weight by heating in acid. The amount of free amino groups was analysed by IR. The molecular weight was determined by viscosimetry. Starch or dextran were oxidised with periodic acid to generate aldehyde groups, which were quantified by titration. l-Dopa was conjugated to oxidised dextran or starch in analogy to the gluing mechanism of mussels. Biomechanical studies revealed that the new glue is superior to fibrin glue, but has less adhesive strength than cyanoacrylates. In vitro cell testing demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, rendering this glue a potential candidate for clinical use.

In vivo systemic toxicity assessment of an oxidized dextrin‐based hydrogel and its effectiveness as a carrier and stabilizer of granular synthetic bone substitutes

“…It was also demonstrated that whole-blood approach provides reliable results for genotoxicity biomonitoring in rodent models, since the conclusions resulting from PBMC do not differ from those derived from whole-blood cells, as previously reported by Chuang and Hu. 65,66 In this study, the bone biocompatibility of the ODEX-based HG has been demonstrated, which supports its use as a safe candidate for the development of injectable bone substitute. As the performed defect was a noncritical defect, it will heal spontaneously over the time.…”

Single and dual crosslinked oxidized methacrylated alginate/PEG hydrogels for bioadhesive applications

“…Fibrin bioadhesive, which is formed by mixing fibrinogen and thrombin and commercially available as Tisseel® (Baxter, Westlake Village, CA) and Hemaseel (Hemacure, Sarasota, FL), is the most widely used surgical bioadhesive in clinical practice because it is biodegradable and biocompatible [6]. However, fibrin bioadhesive exhibits relatively weak adhesion to tissues and fast degradation compared to cyanoacrylate and albumin-glutaraldehyde bioadhesives [7]. In addition, there is the risk of viral disease transmission, since fibrinogen is obtained from human plasma [8].…”

Enhanced biocompatibility and wound healing properties of biodegradable polymer-modified allyl 2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive

“…It also has limitations with its structural rigidity and poor solubility in water [15,16]. Although chitosan-based TAs can be modified to become stronger than fibrin-based TAs in bonding strength, they are not as strong as CA-based TAs [17,18]. Poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) is one of the most promising new materials for tissue repair applications which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration with good mechanical strength, biodegradability and biocompatibility [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”