Characterisation of Ferrosilicon Dense Medium Separation Material

Waanders, F.B.; Mans, A. E.

doi:10.1023/b:hype.0000003794.57052.ce

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The most important Si alloys are those made with Fe, Al, and Cu. When Si is produced, scrap iron and metal are sometimes added to the furnace [31,32]. Several waterproofing systems employ Si as a component for water purification.…”

Section: Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Electronics Revolutionized: A Comprehensive Analysis of Emerging Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Devices

Rafin,

Ahmed,

Haque

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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This article provides a comprehensive review of wide and ultrawide bandgap power electronic semiconductor devices, comparing silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), and the emerging device diamond technology. Key parameters examined include bandgap, critical electric field, electron mobility, voltage/current ratings, switching frequency, and device packaging. The historical evolution of each material is traced from early research devices to current commercial offerings. Significant focus is given to SiC and GaN as they are now actively competing with Si devices in the market, enabled by their higher bandgaps. The paper details advancements in material growth, device architectures, reliability, and manufacturing that have allowed SiC and GaN adoption in electric vehicles, renewable energy, aerospace, and other applications requiring high power density, efficiency, and frequency operation. Performance enhancements over Si are quantified. However, the challenges associated with the advancements of these devices are also elaborately described: material availability, thermal management, gate drive design, electrical insulation, and electromagnetic interference. Alongside the cost reduction through improved manufacturing, material availability, thermal management, gate drive design, electrical insulation, and electromagnetic interference are critical hurdles of this technology. The review analyzes these issues and emerging solutions using advanced packaging, circuit integration, novel cooling techniques, and modeling. Overall, the manuscript provides a timely, rigorous examination of the state of the art in wide bandgap power semiconductors. It balances theoretical potential and practical limitations while assessing commercial readiness and mapping trajectories for further innovation. This article will benefit researchers and professionals advancing power electronic systems.

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Section: Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Electronics Revolutionized: A Comprehensive Analysis of Emerging Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Devices

Rafin,

Ahmed,

Haque

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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show abstract

“…Using induction furnaces, FeSi ferroalloy with 75% silicon is diluted with steel billets to lower the silicon to 14% to 16% . The molten alloy is atomized, dried, and screen classified into various grades of atomized FeSi powders . On the other route, carbothermic reduction of quartz to silicon using coke or coal is carried out in the presence of molten iron in electric arc furnace (EAF) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such particles can preferentially follow the float or sink product and not the suspension. About media loss in DMS operation, this is a very probable contributing factor, which has not received research attention, whereas factors such as mechanical attrition, electrochemical corrosion, adhesion to separation products, and changes in magnetic susceptibility have been extensively investigated …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The molten alloy is atomized, dried, and screen classified into various grades of atomized FeSi powders. 1,[4][5][6][7] On the other route, carbothermic reduction of quartz to silicon using coke or coal is carried out in the presence of molten iron in electric arc furnace (EAF). [8][9][10][11][12] The EAF charge composition is such that the silicon is dissolved in the molten iron to the 14% to 16% Si target composition for DMS FeSi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About media loss in DMS operation, this is a very probable contributing factor, which has not received research attention, whereas factors such as mechanical attrition, electrochemical corrosion, adhesion to separation products, and changes in magnetic susceptibility have been extensively investigated. 7,[13][14][15] Wetting is fundamentally a surface phenomenon; it is an indication of the solid surface tension relative to that of water. 1,2,16 This simple explanation does not offer any simple solution to the problem at hand as many factors can lead to the surface changes that affect the wetting behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding hydrophobicity variations in dense medium ferrosilicon from different production routes

Otunniyi

Oluokun

2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Dense medium ferrosilicon (FeSi) powders produced via submerged arc furnace smelting, granulation, and milling route show varying hydrophobicity, sometimes totally nonwetting, amounting to production losses. This does not occur in powders produced via induction furnace smelting and atomization. Although wetting is fundamentally a surface phenomenon, bulk property can dictate surface behavior. Hence, for detailed insight into the cause of the variation, particles of powders from different production routes were studied from surface to the core. Particle shapes differ clearly for the two production routes, but this was found inconsequential to the wetting behavior. Rather, size distribution, proportion of ultra‐fine particles in the powder, was seen to have effect, being more in the nonwetting sample. From the optical microscopy: in the granular particles (that is, before milling), it is visible that different phases formed from the Fe‐Si‐C system, and this will impact milling differently; particles from nonwetting milled powders show a notable surface layer, and in contrast, the atomized particles show more homogeneous equiaxed grains. From X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, argon ions sputtering, and depth composition profiling, graphitic carbon (C1s at 284.5 eV binding energy) was found on the surface for all samples at levels above bulk alloy composition but highest (65%) for the totally nonwetting sample. From these pointers, graphite coating on particles is responsible for varying hydrophobicity. Carbon affects solid FeSi microstructure, milling, and powder properties. Controlling carbon content from the smelting stands out for avoiding milled FeSi hydrophobicity. This is however not a straight forward minimization problem.

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Recovery of Heavy Minerals by Means of Ferrosilicon Dense Medium Separation Material

Waanders¹,

Rabatho²

Lacame 2004

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Characterisation of Ferrosilicon Dense Medium Separation Material

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Power Electronics Revolutionized: A Comprehensive Analysis of Emerging Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Devices

Power Electronics Revolutionized: A Comprehensive Analysis of Emerging Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Devices

Understanding hydrophobicity variations in dense medium ferrosilicon from different production routes

Recovery of Heavy Minerals by Means of Ferrosilicon Dense Medium Separation Material

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