Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood

Leemon, Nabil Fikri; Zaidon, A.; Uyup, Mohd Khairun Anwar; Bakar, Edi Suhaimi; Tahir, Paridah Md.; Saliman, Mohd Anuar Ridzuan; Ghani, Aizat; Lee, Seng Hua

doi:10.1007/s00226-015-0754-4

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The application of PF resin-filled OPA nanoparticles as a binder in plywood composites resulted in decreased void space and the porous area, thus reducing the swelling capacity of PWV and PWH. This finding is similar to Leemon et al [50], who concluded that the PF resin-filled nanofiller could occupy the void and porous area effectively due to the crosslinking monomer in intercellular cell and consequently reduce the thickness swelling of the composites.…”

Section: Thickness Swelling Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites

et al. 2020

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Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood.

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Section: Thickness Swelling Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites

et al. 2020

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“…However, no significant difference was observed between MMA-and MMAstyrene-treated batai wood in terms of MOR and MOE. The higher MOR and MOE of treated wood than those of untreated wood might be attributed to the presence of resin in the wood (Leemon et al 2015). The findings are in agreement with Rahman et al (2013), who reported that the mixture of MMA/styrene/nanoclay filled the voids in the wood and subsequently improved the stiffness of the wood.…”

Section: Physical Properties Of Treated Woodsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Fungal attack often occurs when the wood is moist, and therefore, efforts to reduce the moisture absorption of wood should be emphasised. An effective way to reduce the amount of moisture absorbed by wood is to modify the wood by either thermal treatment (Lee et al 2018) or impregnating it with chemicals or resin (Leemon et al 2015). Various polymers and resins have been used for chemically modifying wood; one of them is methyl methacrylate (MMA) (Zhang et al 2006a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vapour sorption behaviour and physico-mechanical properties of methyl methacrylate (MMA)- and MMA–styrene-modified batai (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to determine the applicability of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and MMA–styrene in treating batai (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, physico-mechanical properties of the treated wood, and moisture sorption isotherm using dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) apparatus. Physico-mechanical properties of the modified batai wood were improved. The MMA-treated batai wood showed better improvement in terms of physical and mechanical properties compared to the MMA–styrene-treated batai wood. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) for untreated batai wood was higher than that of treated samples. At 95% RH, the EMC for untreated batai wood was 20.7%, whereas the EMC for MMA- and MMA–styrene-treated samples was 7.9 and 8.8%, respectively. The findings indicate that the modified batai wood absorbed less moisture compared to the untreated batai wood. Moreover, the untreated batai wood had larger hysteresis loop than the treated batai wood. The highest hysteresis value was observed at 80% RH for untreated batai wood (3.8%), followed by MMA–styrene-treated batai wood (1.7%) and MMA-treated batai wood (1.2%). Both MMA and MMA–styrene proved to be effective treatments for batai wood because they reduced its hygroscopicity.

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“…Many study had been carried out in using the phenolic resin to improve the dimensional stability namely Anwar et al, [8] who used low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LMwPF) to enhance the properties of laminated bamboo, Kajita and Imamura [9] used this resin to improve the physical and biological properties of particle boards, while Bakar et al, [10] and Nabil et al, [11] used this resin to enhance the properties of solid oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) and sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Toughness of Medium Molecular Weight Phenol Formaldehyde (MMwPF) Plywood

Aziz¹,

Khalid²

2020

ARASET

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Currently in Malaysia, most of the plywood industries are using tropical hardwood veneer with combination of rubberwood to form plywood. The used of rubberwood has actively reduced the cost of plywood production but recently the price of rubberwood logs has increased due to the shortage of the supply. Due to the demand from other timber industries such as furniture and medium density board thus, alternative raw material which is not focuses on lignocellulosic material only but also on the residue can be offered. Oil palm stems (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) need to be explored as these stems are abundant after falling from plantations which have not been fully utilized due to their poor properties. The main drawback of oil palm is its low dimensional stability found in the stem parts. Therefore this study investigated the 100% oil palm stem (OPS) plywood denoted as PTA by optimizing the pre drying process of the veneer by using roller pressing machine, steam dryer and platen press machine. After the OPS veneers have been pre-dried, they were treated with Medium Molecular Weight Phenol Formaldehyde (MMwPF) resin before fabrication of OPS plywood. The product could be promoted as concrete foam, light weight partitions, wall panel and floor slabs. The fracture toughness of OPS plywood developed in this study denoted as PTA was investigated. These properties were compared with the properties of another two types of commercial OPS plywood denoted as PTB and PTC which were manufactured using OPS veneer with tropical hardwood veneer for face and back veneer and control plywood denoted as PTD which was manufactured using 100% tropical hardwood veneer. The highest value of plain strain and energy release was showed by PTA compared to commercial plywood. The failure was more prominent in wood which showed by the crack propagated line in the veneer layer.

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Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites

Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites

Water vapour sorption behaviour and physico-mechanical properties of methyl methacrylate (MMA)- and MMA–styrene-modified batai (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood

Fracture Toughness of Medium Molecular Weight Phenol Formaldehyde (MMwPF) Plywood

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