Characteristics Analysis of F1 Hybrids between Genetically Modified Brassica napus and B. rapa

Abstract

A number of studies have been conducted on hybridization between transgenic Brassica napus and B. rapa or backcross of F1 hybrid to their parents. However, trait changes must be analyzed to evaluate hybrid sustainability in nature. In the present study, B. rapa and transgenic (BrAGL20) B. napus were hybridized to verify the early flowering phenomenon of F1 hybrids, and F1 hybrid traits were analyzed to predict their impact on sustainability. Flowering of F1 hybrid has been induced slightly later than that of the transgenic B. napus, but flowering was available in the greenhouse without low temperature treatment to young plant, similar to the transgenic B. napus. It is because the BrAGL20 gene has been transferred from transgenic B. napus to F1 hybrid. The size of F1 hybrid seeds was intermediate between those of B. rapa and transgenic B. napus, and ~40% of F1 pollen exhibited abnormal size and morphology. The form of the F1 stomata was also intermediate between that of B. rapa and transgenic B. napus, and the number of stomata was close to the parental mean. Among various fatty acids, the content of erucic acid exhibited the greatest change, owing to the polymorphism of parental FATTY ACID ELONGASE 1 alleles. Furthermore, F2 hybrids could not be obtained. However, BC1 progeny were obtained by hand pollination of B. rapa with F1 hybrid pollen, with an outcrossing rate of 50%.

Morphological and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids introgressed from Brassica napus to B. rapa in Taiwan

“…This study explored the morphological and molecular characteristics that can be utilized to identify the occurrence of introgression from B. napus to B. rapa varieties in Taiwan. It has been reported that triploid F 1 hybrids with the AAC genome (2n = 29) could be produced by interspecific hybridization from B. napus to B. rapa (Luijten et al 2015;Sohn et al 2016). However, the morphological characteristics and genetic relationships of B. napus, B. rapa, and their hybrid progenies remain unclear in Taiwan.…”

Discrimination of Transgenic Canola (Brassica napus L.) and their Hybrids with B. rapa using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Methods

“…GM B. napus (Youngsan) seeds with CAMV 35S-regulated bar gene and an early flowering gene ( BrAGL20 ) were kindly provided by Yeon-Hee Lee, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Korea. For hybrid preparation, artificial hand pollination was done with B. rapa and GM B. napus and the seeds of F1 hybrids ( B. rapa X GM B. napus ) were used for further studies [ 8 ]. The hybrids were confirmed through a survival assay after 0.3% Bastar treatment, the phenotype of the hybrids, and polymerase chain reaction with partial 35S promoter and BrAGL20 [ 8 ].…”

“…For hybrid preparation, artificial hand pollination was done with B. rapa and GM B. napus and the seeds of F1 hybrids ( B. rapa X GM B. napus ) were used for further studies [ 8 ]. The hybrids were confirmed through a survival assay after 0.3% Bastar treatment, the phenotype of the hybrids, and polymerase chain reaction with partial 35S promoter and BrAGL20 [ 8 ]. All the plants were grown in soil cups ( Figure 6 ) and maintained in a controlled environment.…”

“…Introgression of genes from B. rapa and synthetic materials produced by artificial crossing between the two diploid progenitors have broadened the genetic pool of B. napus [ 5 , 6 ]. Since it is closely related to several weeds and wild species and produces a large amount of pollen, when it has favorable conditions, it attains a significant degree of outcrossing (20–40%) [ 7 , 8 ]. Several studies have reported on the hybridization of B. napus with close relative species, among which B. rapa is the most common [ 8 , 9 ].…”

“…Since it is closely related to several weeds and wild species and produces a large amount of pollen, when it has favorable conditions, it attains a significant degree of outcrossing (20–40%) [ 7 , 8 ]. Several studies have reported on the hybridization of B. napus with close relative species, among which B. rapa is the most common [ 8 , 9 ].…”