Background: Advanced primary care models emphasize patient-centered care, including self-management support (SMS). This study aimed to promote the translation of SMS into primary care practices and reported on key baseline practice characteristics that may impact SMS implementation.Methods: Thirty-six practices in Colorado and California participated in the study from December 2013 to March 2017. Practice administrators completed a Practice Information Form describing practice characteristics. Clinicians and staff (n ؍ 716) completed the Practice Culture Assessment and the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) Monitor. Descriptive statistics were computed to determine practice characteristics related to culture, quality improvement, level of PCMH, and SMS implementation. Field notes and key informant interviews provided contextual details about practices. Iterative qualitative analyses identified important facilitators and barriers and change capabilities around SMS implementation. Results: In bivariate analyses, rural locations, fewer uncontrolled patients with diabetes, higher Medicaid or uninsured populations, underserved designation, and higher level of "PCMHness" were associated with greater reported implementation of patient SMS (all P < .05) at baseline. In the final multilevel model, specialty (FM vs mixed, P ؍ .0081), rural location (P ؍ .0109), and higher percent Medicaid (P < .0001) were associated with greater SMS. Practices described key facilitators (alignment, motivation, a visible champion, supporting infrastructure, and functional quality improvement and care teams) and barriers (no shared vision, no visible champion, siloed infrastructure, competing programs, turnover, and time constraints) to improving SMS delivery. Conclusions: Careful attention-and action-on key practice characteristics and context may create more favorable initial conditions for practice change efforts to improve SMS in primary care practices. (J Am Board Fam Med 2019;32:329 -340.) Most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States receive diabetes care in primary care settings, which are undergoing rapid transformations due to the need to improve quality and decrease costs. The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) and the Chronic Care Model are complementary clinical intervention frameworks that are commonly used to support This article was externally peer reviewed.
DesignCTH is a 3-arm, cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of CTH for patients with 330 The details of change process capability varied widely across the 36 practices; however, there were consistent concepts that emerged about characteristics that propel implementation-supporting infrastructure, functional teams, and practice stability-and those that repel implementation-siloed infrastructure, communication issues, turnover, competing programs, and time/resource constraints. Propelling and repelling factors for change process capabilities are described in Table 5.Poten...