Characteristics of Wet and Dried Distillers Grains on <i>In vitro</i> Ruminal Fermentation and Effects of Dietary Wet Distillers Grains on Performance of Hanwoo Steers

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutrient composition, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) of three kinds of distillers grains (DG); i) wet distillers grains (WDG, KRW 25/kg), ii) dried distillers grains (DDG, KRW 280/kg), iii) dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS, KRW 270/kg) produced from tapioca 70% and rice 30%, and to evaluate dietary effects of WDG on the performance of Hanwoo steers. In Exp. 1, twelve-WDG, four-DDG and one-DDGS were collected from seven ethanol plants. Average crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of WDG, DDG, and DDGS were: 32.6%, 17.8%, 57.5%, and 30.2% for WDG, 36.7%, 13.9%, 51.4%, and 30.5% for DDG, and 31.0%, 11.9%, 40.3%, and 21.2% for DDGS (DM basis), respectively. The DDGS had a higher quantity of water-soluble fraction than WDG and DDG and showed the highest IVDMD (p<0.05) in comparison to others during the whole experimental time. The IVDMD at 0 to 12 h incubation were higher (p<0.05) in DDG than WDG, but did not show significant differences from 24 to 72 h. The same tendency was observed in IVOMD, showing that DG made from tapioca and rice (7:3) can be used as a feed ingredient for ruminants. Considering the price, WDG is a more useful feed ingredient than DDG and DDGS. In Exp. 2, 36 Hanwoo steers of 21 months (495.1±91 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 85 days; i) Control (total mixed ration, TMR), ii) WDG 10% (TMR containing 10% of WDG, as fed basis), and iii) WDG 20% (TMR containing 20% of WDG, as fed basis). With respect to body weight and average daily gain, there were no differences between control and WDG treatments during the whole experimental period. Dry matter intake of control (9.34 kg), WDG 10% (9.21 kg) and 20% (8.86 kg) and feed conversion ratio of control (13.0), WDG 10% (13.2) and 20% (12.1) did not show differences between control and WDG treatments. Thus, the use of WDG up to 20% in TMR did not show any negative effect on the performance of Hanwoo steers.

Characteristics of Wet Distillers Grains on <i>In vitro</i> Ruminal Fermentation and Its Effects on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Hanwoo Steers

“…In this study, CP concentrations of WDG from different sampling dates ranged from 19.6% to 30.3% (DM basis), and average CP concentrations of WDG were 24.8% (DM basis). Kim et al (2015) reported that CP concentrations of WDG (tapioca and rice, 7:3) from seven ethanol plant ranged from 26.5% to 40.4% (DM basis), thus showed higher CP concentrations than our study. The concentration of CP for WDG depends on the proportion and type of grain sources.…”

“…In addition, there were no data available about the in vitro ammonia concentrations and pH of WDG itself. WDG can be a useful protein source for ruminants ( Kim et al, 2015 ), thus in vitro ammonia concentrations of WDG itself may be useful data.…”

“…However, WDG has a typical moisture content of 75% to 80%, ( Abrams et al, 1983 , Kim et al, 2015 ). Due to the high moisture content, it cannot be economically transported to great distances from the ethanol plant and it can be contaminated easily, particularly in hot weather.…”

“…Waldo et al (2009) reported that DDGS from wheat and corn was an excellent protein source for ruminants, but there are little data available concerning the characteristics and nutritional quality of WDG, particularly from tapioca and rice. Kim et al (2015) reported that WDG from tapioca and rice can be an useful feed source for rearing Hanwoo steers from initial to mid-fattening period and can be used up to 20% (as fed basis) in the feeds. However, there is no information available investigating mid-fattening period to slaughter, carcass characteristics and beef quality of Hanwoo steers feeding WDG more than 20%.…”

Rumen fermentation and performance of Hanwoo steers fed total mixed ration with Korean rice wine residue

“…They are high in crude protein (CP), fatty acids, tannins, and vitamins [ 1 ] and therefore have been great potential for utilization as animal feed. For example, corn distillers dried grain with soluble diets have replaced up to 40 % of total feed as a protein source in the United States [ 2 ] and the use of wet distillers grain (WDG) up to 10 % in total mixed ration (TMR) did not show any negative effect on the performance of Hanwoo steers [ 3 ].…”