Characterization of a functionally graded material of Ti-6Al-4V to 304L stainless steel with an intermediate V section

Bobbio, Lourdes D.; Bocklund, Brandon; Otis, Richard; Borgonia, John Paul; Dillon, R. Peter; Shapiro, Andrew A.; McEnerney, Bryan W.; Liu, Zhe; Beese, Allison M.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.156

Cited by 98 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…With additive manufacturing technologies it is possible to develop chemically graded structures as exemplified in [90][91][92], and schematically shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Microstructural Effects In Fusion-based Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

Oliveira

Santos

Miranda

2020

Progress in Materials Science

467

134

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Additive manufacturing technologies based on melting and solidification have considerable similarities with fusion-based welding technologies, either by electric arc or high-power beams. However, several concepts are being introduced in additive manufacturing which have been extensively used in multipass arc welding with filler material. Therefore, clarification of fundamental definitions is important to establish a common background between welding and additive manufacturing research communities. This paper aims to review these concepts, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of fusion welding that can be embraced by additive manufacturing, namely the nature of rapid thermal cycles associated to small size and localized heat sources, the non-equilibrium nature of rapid solidification and its effects on: internal defects formation, phase transformations, residual stresses and distortions. Concerning process optimization, distinct criteria are proposed based on geometric, energetic and thermal considerations, allowing to determine an upper bound limit for the optimum hatch distance during additive manufacturing. Finally, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed. This equation enables to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

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“…With additive manufacturing technologies it is possible to develop chemically graded structures as exemplified in [90][91][92], and schematically shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Microstructural Effects In Fusion-based Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

Oliveira

Santos

Miranda

2020

Progress in Materials Science

467

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The joints and interfaces typically have smaller heat-affected-zones than welded joints, and can be accomplished in a single manufacturing step, reducing the cost and time to design welded joints as well as perform multiple setups and joining processes. Various authors have investigated the use of this technique for joining common engineering materials such as Ti6Al4V to Stainless Steel using DED [35,106], Inconel 718 to Copper Alloy using DED [107], Ti6Al4V to CoCrMo [108], and Ti6Al4V to Copper using EBM [109] (see Figure 10 ). These materials and structures have applications in the aerospace, biomedical, nuclear, among other industries, where the use of multiple materials in small spaces poses a formidable challenge for welding or brazing.…”

Section: Emerging Metal-am Applications For Modeling and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These challenges are typically addressed via experimental techniques to minimize thermal gradients, such as baseplate heating and premixing prescribed compositions of each powder between the two main constituents (a compositional gradation to decrease interface thermal property mismatch). Elsewhere, thermodynamic modeling has resulted in optimal composition maps for functional gradients between materials by avoiding known brittle intermetallic phases [106]. A novel thermomechanical model proposed by Mukherjee et al (2018) investigated the effect on residual stress and distortion of printing both direct and graded joints between 800H (Incoloy/Ni-Cr alloy) and Ti6Al4V/2.25Cr-1Mo Steel.…”

Section: Emerging Metal-am Applications For Modeling and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review article: Metal-additive manufacturing—Modeling strategies for application-optimized designs

Bandyopadhyay

Traxel

2018

Additive Manufacturing

128

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Next generation, additively-manufactured metallic parts will be designed with application-optimized geometry, composition, and functionality. Manufacturers and researchers have investigated various techniques for increasing the reliability of the metal-AM process to create these components, however, understanding and manipulating the complex phenomena that occurs within the printed component during processing remains a formidable challenge—limiting the use of these unique design capabilities. Among various approaches, thermomechanical modeling has emerged as a technique for increasing the reliability of metal-AM processes, however, most literature is specialized and challenging to interpret for users unfamiliar with numerical modeling techniques. This review article highlights fundamental modeling strategies, considerations, and results, as well as validation techniques using experimental data. A discussion of emerging research areas where simulation will enhance the metal-AM optimization process is presented, as well as a potential modeling workflow for process optimization. This review is envisioned to provide an essential framework on modeling techniques to supplement the experimental optimization process.

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“…Liu et al [10] fabricated a novel Ti/Al lightweight graded beam using direct laser deposition, with the composition continuously changing from ϕ(Ti6Al4V) = 100% to ϕ(AlSi10Mg) = 100% along the length. Bobbio et al [11] used AM to fabricate a sectioned beam consisting of FGM stainless steel 304L to V to Ti-6Al-4V. Bobbio et al [12] later presented thermodynamic computations and experimental observations of an FGM of V to invar 36 beam based on AM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bobbio et al [11] used AM to fabricate a sectioned beam consisting of FGM stainless steel 304L to V to Ti-6Al-4V. Bobbio et al [12] later presented thermodynamic computations and experimental observations of an FGM of V to invar 36 beam based on AM. Zhang et al [13] fabricated an SS316LIN625 FGM sectioned beam by powder-fed directed energy deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free vibration characteristics of sectioned unidirectional/bidirectional functionally graded material cantilever beams based on finite element analysis

Việt

Zaki

Wang

2020

Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed.

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Advancements in manufacturing technology, including the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM), allow the fabrication of complex functionally graded material (FGM) sectioned beams. Portions of these beams may be made from different materials with possibly different gradients of material properties. The present work proposes models to investigate the free vibration of FGM sectioned beams based on one-dimensional (1D) finite element analysis. For this purpose, a sample beam is divided into discrete elements, and the total energy stored in each element during vibration is computed by considering either Timoshenko or Euler-Bernoulli beam theories. Then, Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the equations of motion for the beam. The effects of material properties and dimensions of FGM sections on the beam’s natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes are then investigated based on a dynamic Timoshenko model (TM). The presented model is validated by comparison with three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulations of the first three mode shapes of the beam.

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Characterization of a functionally graded material of Ti-6Al-4V to 304L stainless steel with an intermediate V section

Cited by 98 publications

References 20 publications

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

Invited review article: Metal-additive manufacturing—Modeling strategies for application-optimized designs

Free vibration characteristics of sectioned unidirectional/bidirectional functionally graded material cantilever beams based on finite element analysis

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