Characterization of Acoustic Beam Propagation Through High-Grade Stainless Steel Pipes for Improved Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry Measurements in Complex Industrial Fluids

Shamu, Tafadzwa John; Kotze, Reinhardt; Wiklund, Johan

doi:10.1109/jsen.2016.2569491

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This problem is similar to that present in a biomedical application with respect to blood and the vessel wall [14]. The pipe echoes are typically 30-40 dB stronger than the fluids', and this ratio can be even higher for special ultrasound transducers that investigate the fluid through the steel pipe surface [15,16]. This technique, which avoids cutting the pipe steel for creating an access "window", is employed in the food or pharmaceutical industries [17] where windows are not usable due to hygienic constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Data-Adaptive Coherent Demodulator for High Dynamics Pulse-Wave Ultrasound Applications

Ricci

Meacci

2018

Electronics

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Pulse-Wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound has been applied to the detection of blood flow for a long time; recently the same method was also proven effective in the monitoring of industrial fluids and suspensions flowing in pipes. In a PWD investigation, bursts of ultrasounds at 0.5–10 MHz are periodically transmitted in the medium under test. The received signal is amplified, sampled at tens of MHz, and digitally processed in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). First processing step is a coherent demodulation. Unfortunately, the weak echoes reflected from the fluid particles are received together with the echoes from the high-reflective pipe walls, whose amplitude can be 30–40 dB higher. This represents a challenge for the input dynamics of the system and the demodulator, which should clearly detect the weak fluid signal while not saturating at the pipe wall components. In this paper, a numerical demodulator architecture is presented capable of auto-tuning its internal dynamics to adapt to the feature of the actual input signal. The proposed demodulator is integrated into a system for the detection of the velocity profile of fluids flowing in pipes. Simulations and experiments with the system connected to a flow-rig show that the data-adaptive demodulator produces a noise reduction of at least of 20 dB with respect to different approaches, and recovers a correct velocity profile even when the input data are sampled at 8 bits only instead of the typical 12–16 bits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Data-Adaptive Coherent Demodulator for High Dynamics Pulse-Wave Ultrasound Applications

Ricci

Meacci

2018

Electronics

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“…The UVP method for measuring velocity profiles is based on the detection of frequency shifts between subsequent ultrasound echo signals reflected from particles flowing at certain distances/depths from the ultrasound sensor. The accuracy of velocimetry measurements is mainly dependent on accurate values of the sound velocity c and Doppler angle θ (i.e., the angle of propagation of the ultrasound beam, also determining the measurement axis) (Takeda 1999(Takeda , 2012Shamu et al 2016). The main equation that is used to calculate the individual velocities v i that contribute to the 1D velocity profile is given as:…”

Section: Ultrasound Velocity Profiling (Uvp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific details of pulsed-ultrasound electronics used to transmit and receive the ultrasound signals as well as the signal processing algorithms to calculate the velocities from the received echo data have been described extensively in the literature (Barber et al 1985;Ricci et al 2006;Wiklund et al 2007;Ricci et al 2012;Kotze et al 2012;Ricci and Meacci 2018). Analyses and measurements show that the error from the Doppler angle has a more significant contribution towards the total velocity error; thus, it is crucial to characterize the beam propagation angle through acoustic tests (Takeda 2012;Shamu et al 2016).…”

Section: Ultrasound Velocity Profiling (Uvp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same oil-based couplant that was used within the slot of the radial model was also used during the acoustic test. The test configuration and method used for the acoustic scanning were similar to that from our previous tests as described by Shamu et al (2016). A 1-mm needle hydrophone with an 8-dB preamplifier (supplied by precision-acoustics, UK) was used to measure the peak voltages, in a rectangular horizontal plane (grid) along the sensor's plane of maximum acoustic energy (Shamu et al 2016).…”

Section: Ultrasound Sensor Acoustic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radial flow velocity profiles of a yield stress fluid between smooth parallel disks

et al. 2020

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In rock grouting, idealized 2D-radial laminar flow of yield stress fluids (YSF) is a fundamental flow configuration that is used for cement grout spread estimation. A limited amount of works have presented analytical and numerical solutions on the radial velocity profiles between parallel disks. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no experimental work that has presented measured velocity profiles for this geometry. In this paper, we present velocity profiles of Carbopol (a simple YSF), measured by pulsed ultrasound velocimetry within a radial flow model. We describe the design of the physical model and then present the measured velocity profiles while highlighting the plug-flow region and slip effects observed for three different apertures and volumetric flow rates. Although the measured velocity profiles exhibited wall slip, there was a reasonably good agreement with the analytical solution. We then discuss the major implications of our work on radial flow.

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“…1,5 Furthermore, acoustic measurements can also be performed under certain conditions through reactors or pipes walls, thus greatly enhancing the applicability of this technique in industrial settings. 6 Conventional acoustic spectroscopy operates in forward scattering mode. This means that it measures the attenuation of ultrasound waves that propagate through a sample as a function of the wave frequency, and also measures the sound velocity through the suspension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling analysis of ultrasonic attenuation and angular scattering measurements of suspended particles

Fleckenstein

Storti

Deschwanden

et al. 2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A combination of two models previously developed by Faran, and Atkinson and Kytömaa (Faran-AK model) was used to calculate the ultrasonic attenuation and the backscattering signal of a suspension of particles. The model of Atkinson and Kytömaa yielded the viscoelastic contributions while the model of Faran yielded the scattering contribution. A comparison with the more fundamental model by Epstein, Carhart, Allegra, and Hawley validated the combination, where the combination used here proved to be computationally less intensive and more stable. The Faran-AK model outputs were also compared with ultrasound measurements of glass beads with two different particle size distributions and varying concentrations. The comparison showed a very reasonable agreement of model and experiment.

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Characterization of Acoustic Beam Propagation Through High-Grade Stainless Steel Pipes for Improved Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry Measurements in Complex Industrial Fluids

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Data-Adaptive Coherent Demodulator for High Dynamics Pulse-Wave Ultrasound Applications

Data-Adaptive Coherent Demodulator for High Dynamics Pulse-Wave Ultrasound Applications

Radial flow velocity profiles of a yield stress fluid between smooth parallel disks

Modeling analysis of ultrasonic attenuation and angular scattering measurements of suspended particles

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