Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide

Abstract

The preparation of activated carbon from wood-based industrys residue is one of the most environmental friendly solutions of transforming negative-valued wastes to valuable materials. Wood sawdust was first chemically activated using potassium hydroxide, KOH and characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measured in Micrometrices ASAP 2020 and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). By manipulating three different parameters, the optimal activation conditions were found at temperature of 500°C, activation time of 60 min and impregnation ratio of 1:3. Results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume and diameter of activated carbon were 1876.16 m2g-1, 0.88 cm3g-1and 6.93 nm, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm analysis proved the existence of mesopores in activated carbon produced, suggesting that it can be effectively used as an adsorption material.

Characterization and Modelling Studies of Activated Carbon Produced from Rubber-Seed Shell Using KOH for CO2 Adsorption

“…Two main elements were detected on the samples before activation, which are carbon and oxygen. It was described in specific that the acceptable range of carbon presence should lie between 40 and 80% [17]. The result shows that RSS fulfills the criteria of producing AC.…”

“…The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method was adopted in this study so that reduction of sample is achievable; it is a method of designing experiments involving the testing of factors one at a time instead of all simultaneously. Throughout the process, N 2 gas, which acts as the carrier gas and promotes the pore formation in RSS [17], was allowed to flow in the rotary kiln. After the heat treatment, the material was left to cool to room temperature and subsequently washed with distilled water to discard the excess KOH solution and ash.…”

“…To ensure all impurities were removed from the samples, about 0.5 g of AC was inserted inside a 5 cm 3 sample glass cylinder and degassed at 170 • C for 8 h under vacuum. A 60 µm filter gasket was then planted on top of the sample cylinder, to avoid the fine particles from entering the valve [17]. After completion of the degassing step, the samples were cooled to ambient temperature and prepared for adsorption studies.…”

“…Sample A5 and A6 have the highest S BET (826.31 m 2 /g and 1129.60 m 2 /g) and V T (0.376 cm 3 /g and 0.412 cm 3 /g) values, respectively. Nevertheless, when the activation temperature is elevated to 900 • C, the excessive heat energy supplied to the carbon will result in the collapsing and knocking of some porous wall [17]. The outcome is the decrease quantity of S BET and V T .…”

Adsorption of Chromium Ions on Activated Carbon Produced from Cow Bones

“…As a result, metal deposition on the already developed pores might have occurred and lead to a reduction of the surface area [25]. The relation between SSA, activation temperature, and impregnation ratio is shown in Fig.…”