Characterization of an influenza A (H3N2) virus isolated from pigs in England in 1987

Wibberley, G.; Swallow, C.; Roberts, Deborah

doi:10.1016/0007-1935(88)90053-x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The H3N2 infected pigs were the worst affected and did show mild respiratory symptoms (nasal discharge). Similar results have been described previously for the H3N2 strain (Wibberley et al 1988). Serial passage in embry-onated eggs might have reduced the pathogenicity of these viruses for pigs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pathogenicity of concurrent infection of pigs with porcine respiratory coronavirus and swine influenza virus

Lanza

Brown

Paton

1992

Research in Veterinary Science

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Combinations of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and either of two swine influenza viruses (H1N1 or H3N2) were administered intranasally and by aerosol to six-to eight-week-old specific pathogen:free pigs. The clinical responses, gross respiratory lesions and growth performances of these pigs were studied and compared with those of single (PRCV, H1N1 or H3N2) and mock-infected animals. PRCV infection caused fever, growth retardation and lung lesions, but no respiratory symptoms. Infection with swine influenza viruses caused rather similar, mild symptoms of disease, with H1N1 infection being the least severe. Combined infections with influenza viruses and PRCV did not appear to enhance the pathogenicity of these viruses. Furthermore, viruses were isolated more frequently from tissues and nasal swabs taken from 'single' than 'dual' infected animals, suggesting a possible in vivo interference between replication of PRCV and swine influenza virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pathogenicity of concurrent infection of pigs with porcine respiratory coronavirus and swine influenza virus

Lanza

Brown

Paton

1992

Research in Veterinary Science

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“…This finding explains why no human viruses have been isolated from horses, while they have transmitted into pigs multiple times (10,24,29,46,51). Pig trachea contains both the SA␣2,6Gal and SA␣2,3Gal moieties (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although human influenza viruses have been transmitted to pigs and vice versa (10,24,29,33,46,51), human-to-horse transmission remains to be reported. The finding of differences in sialyloligosaccharide species in tracheal epithelial cells between humans (predominantly NeuAc␣2,6Gal) and horses (predominantly NeuGc␣2,3Gal) suggested that recognition not only of SA-Gal linkages but also of SA species may be responsible for lack of transmission of human viruses to horses and vice versa.…”

Section: Neugc␣2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sialic Acid Species as a Determinant of the Host Range of Influenza A Viruses

Suzuki

Ito

Suzuki

et al. 2000

J Virol

449

381

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The distribution of sialic acid (SA) species varies among animal species, but the biological role of this variation is largely unknown. Influenza viruses differ in their ability to recognize SA-galactose (Gal) linkages, depending on the animal hosts from which they are isolated. For example, human viruses preferentially recognize SA linked to Gal by the ␣2,6(SA␣2,6Gal) linkage, while equine viruses favor SA␣2,3Gal. However, whether a difference in relative abundance of specific SA species (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc] and N-glycolylneuraminic acid [NeuGc]) among different animals affects the replicative potential of influenza viruses is uncertain. We therefore examined the requirement for the hemagglutinin (HA) for support of viral replication in horses, using viruses whose HAs differ in receptor specificity. A virus with an HA recognizing NeuAc␣2,6Gal but not NeuAc␣2,3Gal or NeuGc␣2,3Gal failed to replicate in horses, while one with an HA recognizing the NeuGc␣2,3Gal moiety replicated in horses. Furthermore, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses and a lectin-binding assay demonstrated the abundance of the NeuGc␣2,3Gal moiety in epithelial cells of horse trachea, indicating that recognition of this moiety is critical for viral replication in horses. Thus, these results provide evidence of a biological effect of different SA species in different animals.

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“…There is compelling evidence for the transmission of human viruses to pigs (Kundin, 1970;Mancini, 1985;Tumova et al, 1980;Wibberley et al, 1988) but the information on avian influenza viruses is less comprehensive, although H1N1 viruses in European pigs have possibly originated from birds (Scholtissek et al, 1983). The available evidence indicates that pigs support replication of some avian influenza viruses (Hinshaw et al, 1981) but the tests to date have been limited to only a few subtypes.…”

confidence: 99%