Characterization of Aspergilli from dried red chilies (Capsicum spp.): Insights into the etiology of aflatoxin contamination

Singh, Pummi; Cotty, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.025

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…dia < 400 μm), few conidia, and consistently high B aflatoxin levels. Worldwide, several morphologically similar but phylogenetically distinct fungi resembling the A. flavus S morphotype have been detected with some of them producing copious amounts of both B and G aflatoxins ( Probst et al, 2014 , Singh and Cotty, 2019 ). In West Africa, fungi with S morphotype producing both B and G aflatoxins are relatively common and have been known as unnamed taxon S BG ( Cardwell and Cotty, 2002 , Atehnkeng et al, 2008 , Probst et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field efficacy of two atoxigenic biocontrol products for mitigation of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in Ghana

et al. 2020

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Highlights Efficacy of 2 aflatoxin biocontrol products reported across crops, years and zones. Aflatoxin reduced by 99% in 800 maize and groundnut farmers’ fields in Ghana. Results are the most consistent and highest aflatoxin reductions reported to date. Displacement of toxigenic fungi by the active ingredients caused the reductions. Having both products offers greater versatility to modulate Aspergillus communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field efficacy of two atoxigenic biocontrol products for mitigation of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in Ghana

et al. 2020

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“…Aspergillus flavus has two prominent morphotypes, the S and L, which differ in both morphology and physiology. The S morphotype produces numerous, small sclerotia (diameter < 400 μm) and consistently high levels of aflatoxin B 1 , while the L morphotype produces fewer, larger sclerotia (diameter > 400 μm) and variable levels of aflatoxin B 1 (Cotty, 1989; Probst et al ., 2012; Singh and Cotty, 2019). Variation in the aflatoxin‐producing potential of fungal communities has a large impact on the extent to which crops become contaminated (Probst et al ., 2007; Cotty et al ., 2008; Bandyopadhyay et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Founder events influence structures of Aspergillus flavus populations

Ortega‐Beltran

Callicott

Cotty

2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary In warm regions, agricultural fields are occupied by complex Aspergillus flavus communities composed of isolates in many vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) with varying abilities to produce highly toxic, carcinogenic aflatoxins. Aflatoxin contamination is reduced with biocontrol products that enable atoxigenic isolates from atoxigenic VCGs to dominate the population. Shifts in VCG frequencies similar to those caused by the introduction of biocontrol isolates were detected in Sonora, Mexico, where biocontrol is not currently practiced. The shifts were attributed to founder events. Although VCGs reproduce clonally, significant diversity exists within VCGs. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting revealed that increased frequencies of VCG YV150 involved a single haplotype. This is consistent with a founder event. Additionally, great diversity was detected among 82 YV150 isolates collected over 20 years across Mexico and the United States. Thirty‐six YV150 haplotypes were separated into two populations by Structure and SplitsTree analyses. Sixty‐five percent of isolates had MAT1‐1 and belonged to one population. The remaining had MAT1‐2 and belonged to the second population. SSR alleles varied within populations, but recombination between populations was not detected despite co‐occurrence at some locations. Results suggest that YV150 isolates with opposite mating‐type have either strongly restrained or lost sexual reproduction among themselves.

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“…Diverse populations of A. flavus, with varying degrees of aflatoxigenicity have been reported across tropical and temperate regions and in fields with different crops [22,23]. Furthermore, high and low producers of aflatoxins have been isolated across various countries in Africa including Kenya and Nigeria [2,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Occurrence and Aflatoxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus from Two Climatically Varied Regions in Kenya

Monda

Masanga

Alakonya

2020

Toxins

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic chemical metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. of the section Flavi. In Kenya, Aspergillus flavus is the most prevalent and has been associated with several acute and chronic aflatoxin outbreaks in the past. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of A. flavus in soils from two agro-ecological regions with contrasting climatic conditions, aflatoxin contamination histories and cropping systems. Aspergillus spp. were first isolated from soils before the identification and determination of their aflatoxigenicity. Further, we determined the occurrence of Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. in soils from the two regions. These bacterial species have long been associated with biological control of several plant pathogens including Aspergillus spp. Our results show that A. flavus occurred widely and produced comparatively higher total aflatoxin levels in all (100%) study sites from the eastern to the western regions of Kenya. For the western region, A. flavus was detected in 4 locations (66.7%) that were previously under maize cultivation with the isolates showing low aflatoxigenicity. A. flavus was not isolated from soils under sugarcane cultivation. Distribution of the two bacterial species varied across the regions but we detected a weak relationship between occurrence of bacterial species and A. flavus. We discuss these findings in the context of the influence of climate, microbial profiles, cropping systems and applicability in the deployment of biological control remedies against aflatoxin contamination.

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Characterization of Aspergilli from dried red chilies (Capsicum spp.): Insights into the etiology of aflatoxin contamination

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Field efficacy of two atoxigenic biocontrol products for mitigation of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in Ghana

Field efficacy of two atoxigenic biocontrol products for mitigation of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in Ghana

Founder events influence structures of Aspergillus flavus populations

Variation in Occurrence and Aflatoxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus from Two Climatically Varied Regions in Kenya

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