Characterization of biofilms and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> species involved with subclinical mastitis

Francisco, Márcia Silva; Rossi, Ciro César; Brito, Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos Paiva; Laport, Marinella Silva; Barros, Elaine M.; Giambiagi-deMarval, Márcia

doi:10.1017/s0022029921000285

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…But 3 penicillin-resistant CNS isolates were negative for this gene. This may be attributed to the fact that mechanisms such as efflux pump or biofilm other than expression of the blaZ gene can cause penicillin resistance because multiple mechanisms of resistance often exist in these isolates ( Osman et al, 2015 ; Addetia et al, 2019 ; Francisco et al, 2021 ). Moreover, the mecA was observed in both of the methicillin-resistant isolates (one isolate each of S. equorum and S. saprophyticus ), which confirmed the phenotypic resistance to methicillin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci isolated from clinical bovine mastitis

Yang

Meng

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Staphylococci, mainly including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), are one of the most common pathogens causing bovine mastitis worldwide. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion combined with E-test method. Genes of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors were determined by PCR. A total of 332 staphylococcal isolates were confirmed from 1,519 mastitic milk samples, including 172 S. aureus and 160 CNS isolates. Fifteen CNS species were identified, with S. chromogenes being the most frequent found (49.4%), followed by S. equorum (13.8%). Noticeably, 2 S. agnetis isolates were found among the CNS isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the presence of S. agnetis from bovine mastitis in China. The S. aureus and CNS isolates showed high resistance against penicillin, followed by erythromycin and tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was found in 11.6 and 16.3% of the S. aureus and CNS isolates, respectively. Resistance to penicillin was attributed to the presence of blaZ, erythromycin resistance to ermC (alone or combined with ermB) and tetracycline resistance to tetK (alone or combined with tetM). Notably, one S. equorum isolate and one S. saprophyticus isolate were both methicillin-resistant and mecA positive. Additionally, all S. aureus isolates carried the adhesin genes fnbpA, clfA, clfB, and sdrC, and most of them contained cna and sdrE. Conversely, only a few of the CNS isolates carried clfA, cna, and fnbA. Regarding toxin genes, all S. aureus isolates harbored hlb, and most of them were hlg positive. The lukE-lukD, lukM, sec, sed, sei, sen, seo, tst, seg, seh, and sej were also detected with low frequencies. However, no toxin genes were observed in CNS isolates. This study reveals high species diversity of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. The findings for the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor provide valuable information for control and prevention of staphylococcal bovine mastitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci isolated from clinical bovine mastitis

Yang

Meng

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The bacteria most often isolated from subclinical mastitis is staphylococcus (Ceciliani et al ., 2021; Francisco et al ., 2021). Staphylococcus is divided into two major categories, coagulase positive ( coagulase-positive staphylococci, CPS) and coagulase-negative (CNS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus associated with bovine mastitis in China and its antimicrobial resistance rate: a meta-analysis

Deng,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Dairy Research

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To contribute to the treatment decision and optimize coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) control programs, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance rates of coagulase-negative staphylococcus associated with bovine mastitis in China. Three databases (PubMed, Google scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database) were utilized to obtain relevant publications. A total of 18 publications were included in our research, and 3 of them included antimicrobial resistant (AMR) test. The pooled prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus was 17.28%. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence was higher in South China than in North China, was higher in 2011–2020 than in 2000–2010 and was higher in clinical bovine mastitis cases than in subclinical cases. The pooled AMR were most resistant to β-lactams, followed by tetracyclines, quinolones, nitrofurans, lincosamides, sulfonamides, amphenicol and aminoglycosides. The pooled AMR rate of coagulase-negative staphylococcus was lower in 2011–2020 than in 2000–2010. Although the prevalence of CNS showed an increasing trend over 20 years, the AMR rate showed a decreasing trend, and the clinical type of mastitis was the most frequent and the prevalence was highest in South China. Finally, CNS was most resistant to β-lactams amongst the eight groups of antimicrobial agents.

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“…In a recent study, the biofilm biomass of S. epidermidis suffered a 55% reduction after treatment with 10 × MIC [55]. Moreover, in the same study, 24 h-old biofilms of S. chromogenes and S. haemolyticus were also reduced by 30% and 29%, respectively, which are in accordance with our results [55]. Brady et al have also showed that MBEC concentrations were 10-1000 times greater than that of the MIC breakpoints, with MBEC for tetracycline surpassing 256 µg/mL [56].…”

Section: Effect Of Antimicrobials On 24 H-old Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tetracycline at 10 × MIC was able to significantly reduce the biofilm mass of 18 isolates except for one S. urealyticus, one S. epidermidis, and S. succinus isolates. Not much is known about the biofilm resistance of S. urealyticus and S. succinus biofilms but studies on S. epidermidis have shown that concentrations higher than 10 × MIC are necessary for biofilm eradication [55,56]. In a recent study, the biofilm biomass of S. epidermidis suffered a 55% reduction after treatment with 10 × MIC [55].…”

Section: Effect Of Antimicrobials On 24 H-old Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not much is known about the biofilm resistance of S. urealyticus and S. succinus biofilms but studies on S. epidermidis have shown that concentrations higher than 10 × MIC are necessary for biofilm eradication [55,56]. In a recent study, the biofilm biomass of S. epidermidis suffered a 55% reduction after treatment with 10 × MIC [55]. Moreover, in the same study, 24 h-old biofilms of S. chromogenes and S. haemolyticus were also reduced by 30% and 29%, respectively, which are in accordance with our results [55].…”

Section: Effect Of Antimicrobials On 24 H-old Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Biofilm Formation Capacity in S. pseudintermedius and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Species

et al. 2022

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The ability of biofilm formation seems to play an important role in the virulence of staphylococci. However, studies reporting biofilm formation of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals are still very scarce. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the biofilm-forming capacity of CoNS and S. pseudintermedius isolated from several animal species and to investigate the effect of conventional antimicrobials on biofilm reduction. A total of 35 S. pseudintermedius and 192 CoNS were included. Biofilm formation was accessed by the microtiter plate assay and the biofilms were stained by crystal violet. Association between biofilm formation and staphylococci species and antimicrobial resistance was also performed. Biofilm susceptibility testing was performed with tetracycline and amikacin at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 10 × MIC. The metabolic activity of the biofilm cells after antimicrobial treatment was accessed by the XTT assay. All isolates formed biofilm, with S. urealyticus producing the most biofilm biomass and S. pseudintermedius producing the least biomass. There was a positive association between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance as well as resistance to individual antimicrobials. Neither tetracycline nor amikacin were able to eradicate the biofilm, not even at the highest concentration used. This study provides new insights into biofilm formation and the effects of antimicrobials on CoNS species.

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Characterization of biofilms and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species involved with subclinical mastitis

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci isolated from clinical bovine mastitis

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci isolated from clinical bovine mastitis

The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus associated with bovine mastitis in China and its antimicrobial resistance rate: a meta-analysis

Exploring the Biofilm Formation Capacity in S. pseudintermedius and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Species

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