Characterization of composite material from the copolymerized polyphenolic matrix with treated cassava peels starch

Abstract

Conventional binders in the particleboards formulation involve use of formaldehyde resins. Epidemiologic studies show that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce formaldehyde emissions by use of scavengers has not been proven to reduce the emission. Molecular bonding of biobased adhesive molecules with lignocellulose materials provides an alternative way of producing composite material. In this study, maize stalk (MS), rice husks (RH) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were used as sources of lignocellulose materials for particleboard formulation. SB, MS and RH were collected from their respective sites, sorted and dried. MS and RH were ground. Lignin content determination was done by drying lignocellulose material at 105 °C. Lignocellulose materials were prepared by hydrolysis of dried lignocellulose material with sodium hydroxide. Oxidized starch was prepared by oxidation of cassava peel starch using alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Particleboards were formulated through starch-lignocellulose polymerization at 60 °C compressed with 6.5 Nmm −2 pressure. Characterization of raw materials and formulated particleboards was done using XRD for mineralogical analysis, FTIR and NMR for elucidation of functional groups transformation. The results showed that esterification is the main process of chemical bonding in the particleboard formulation due to reaction between –COOH from starch and and OH- from lignocellulose. Etherification between hydroxyl groups from starch with hydroxyl groups from lignocellulose material. RH combined more through silication process with cassava peels starch than RH and SB showing materials containing high cellulose and hemicellulose content are more compatible. Composite materials formulated were used to produce medium density particleboards that can be used for making furniture and room partitioning.

Elimination of Cadmium (II) in aqueaous solution using corn cob (Zea mays) in batch system: adsorption kinetics and equilibrium

“…As seen in the SEM micrograph, the corn residue exhibits a smooth, porous surface. Such molecules in the amorphous region have been reported to contain hydroxyl groups (Warui et al, 2020). SEM micrographs before and after adsorption show luminous and non-luminous regions, which are attributed to organic minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium in the biomass matrix (Deng et al, 2018).…”

Utilization of Cassava Peel (Manihot utilissima) Waste as an Adhesive in the Manufacture of Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera) Charcoal Briquettes

“…Cassava peel has the potential to be used as an adhesive in the production of briquettes due to its moisture content of 9.93-11.46%, volatile materials of 77.93-81.93%, ash content of 1.93-4.36%, fixed carbon content of 13.44-15.51%, lignin content of 6.5-16.0%, cellulose content of 5.5-14.5%, hemicellulose content of 41.0-56.0%, and calorific value of 3,843.84 cal/gram (Hirniah, 2020;Kayiwa, Kasedde, Lubwama, & Kirabira, 2021a, 2021b. Furthermore, cassava peel has a carbohydrate content of about 30.15% that can be used as an adhesive (Anggraeni, Girsang, Nandiyanto, & Bilad, 2021;Kariuki, Muthengia, Erastus, Leonard, & Marangu, 2020).…”

Analysis of Agro Alternatives to Boost Cameroon’s Socio-Environmental Resilience, Sustainable Development, and Conservation of Native Forests

“…The ratio of linear amylose to branched amylopectin in cassava yields a starch with higher hardness and strength, which is often used as a biomaterial adjuvant in many industries such as adhesives and in the construction of wood laminates, to provide greater strength in the processing of such laminates, as well as giving them considerable fire resistance. However, the main interest in this research lies in its use in the cement industry, due to its physicochemical characteristics as a binder in concrete when water is added to the mortar, as well as allowing the mixture to considerably lower its temperature during setting [141][142][143][144][145].…”